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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714301 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.819191
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7143, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714302 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812523
The use of linguistic model in spatial information has been an important topic discussed in relevant theoretical domain
in recent years. On the basis of analyzing the geometrical composition of large-scale topographic map symbols and the
geometric and semantic relationships among symbols, system of topographic map symbols was regarded as a two-dimensional
graphic language and methods and theories of the linguistics were applied in cartographic language. The
characteristics of topographic map symbols were analyzed, the internal structure and constructional rule of topographic
map symbols were researched, and the phonetic and semantic structures of topographic map symbols were discussed.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714303 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812524
The paper analyzed the deficiency on presentation and query of geo-spatial data existed in current GIS, discussed the
advantages that ontology possessed in formalization of geo-spatial data and the presentation of semantic granularity,
taken land-use classification system as an example to construct domain ontology, and described it by OWL; realized the
grade level and category presentation of land-use data benefited from the thoughts of vertical and horizontal navigation;
and then discussed query mode of geo-spatial data based on ontology, including data query based on types and grade
levels, instances and spatial relation, and synthetic query based on types and instances; these methods enriched query
mode of current GIS, and is a useful attempt; point out that the key point of the presentation and query of spatial data
based on ontology is to construct domain ontology that can correctly reflect geo-concept and its spatial relation and
realize its fine formalization description.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714304 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812525
DL, short for Description Logic, is aimed at getting a balance between describing ability and reasoning complexity.
Users can adopt DL to write clear and formalized concept description for domain model, which makes ontology
description possess well-defined syntax and semantics and helps to resolve the problem of spatio-temporal reasoning
based on ontology. This paper studies on basic theory of DL and relationship between DL and OWL at first. By
analyzing spatio-temporal concepts and relationship of spatio-temporal GIS, the purpose of this paper is adopting
ontology language based on DL to express spatio-temporal ontology, and employing suitable ontology-building tool to
build spatio-temporal ontology. With regard to existing spatio-temporal ontology based on first-order predicate logic, we
need to transform it into spatio-temporal ontology based on DL so as to make the best of existing research fruits. This
paper also makes a research on translating relationships between DL and first-order predicate logic.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714305 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812526
The Semantic Web has a major weakness which is lacking of a principled means to represent and reason about
uncertainty. This is also located in the services composition approaches such as BPEL4WS and Semantic Description
Model. We analyze the uncertainty of Geospatial Web Service composition through mining the knowledge in historical
records of composition based on Broker approach and Bayesian Networks. We proved this approach is effective and
efficient through a sample scenario in this paper.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714306 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812527
GML expresses geographic information in text, and it provides an extensible and standard way of spatial information
encoding. At the present time, the management of GML data is in terms of document. By this way, the inquiry and
update of GML data is inefficient, and it demands high memory when the document is comparatively large. In this
respect, the paper put forward a data management of GML based on PostgreSQL. It designs four kinds of inquiries,
which are inquiry of metadata, inquiry of geometry based on property, inquiry of property based on spatial information,
and inquiry of spatial data based on location. At the same time, it designs and implements the visualization of the
inquired WKT data.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714307 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812528
This paper will combine ontology and rule based qualitative reason with real time calculation, designing a combined
traffic model of national scope which contains highway, railroad, water carriage, scheduled flight etc. That method
follows the sense of people to space, establishes ontologies and rules knowledge base, using concepts, instances,
relations and rules of traffic field as the basic knowledge for qualitative reason to discover implicit semantic information
and eliminate unnecessary ambiguities. The knowledge from the ontologies and rules provides abundant information for
query which can lighten the burden of computation, in the mean time, real-time calculation guarantees the accuracy of
the data, has raised accuracy and efficiency of the query, which has strengthened the ease of query service and improved
web users' experience.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714308 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812529
We consider the growing need for querying GML stream and the bulkiness of textual GML. To get things better, we
firstly analyze the applicability of Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) encoding for GML and propose EXI encoded GML.
Then we develop the SITPath query language supporting geospatial data types and some rich characteristics inherited
from XPath within the constraints of streaming limitation. We subsequently present the streaming query evaluation
algorithm and some main parts of EGQ engine that evaluates SITPath queries on EXI encoded GML without decoding
in advance. Finally, the experimental results indicate the practical time and space performance advantages of EGQ
brought about by the query evaluation algorithm and EXI encoding.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714309 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812530
Geography Markup Language (GML) becomes the de facto standard for geographic information representation on the
internet. GML schema provides a way to define the structure, content, and semantic of GML documents. It contains
useful structural information of GML documents and plays an important role in storing, querying and analyzing GML
data. However, GML schema is not mandatory, and it is common that a GML document contains no schema. In this
paper, we present Gstruct, a tool for GML schema extraction. Gstruct finds the features in the input GML documents,
identifies geometry datatypes as well as simple datatypes, then integrates all these features and eliminates improper
components to output the optimal schema. Experiments demonstrate that Gstruct is effective in extracting semantically
meaningful schemas from GML documents.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812531
With Web services technology the functions of WebGIS can be presented as a kind of geospatial information service,
and helped to overcome the limitation of the information-isolated situation in geospatial information sharing field. Thus
Geospatial Information Web service composition, which conglomerates outsourced services working in tandem to offer
value-added service, plays the key role in fully taking advantage of geospatial information services. This paper proposes
an automatic geospatial information web service composition algorithm that employed the ontology dictionary WordNet
to analyze semantic distances among the interfaces. Through making matching between input/output parameters and the
semantic meaning of pairs of service interfaces, a geospatial information web service chain can be created from a
number of candidate services. A practice of the algorithm is also proposed and the result of it shows the feasibility of
this algorithm and the great promise in the emerging demand for geospatial information web service composition.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812532
Graphic and text are two major elements in exhibiting of the results of urban planning and land administration. In
combination, they convey the complex relationship resulting from spatial analysis and decision-making. Accurately
interpreting and representing these relationships are important steps towards an intelligent GIS for urban planning. This
paper employs concept-hierarchy-tree to formalize graphic-text relationships through a framework of spatial object
lexicon, spatial relationship lexicon, restriction lexicon, applied pattern base, and word segmentation rule base. The
methodology is further verified and shown effective on several urban planning archives.
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Tohid Ahmed Rana, Murat Komesli, Tuncay Ercan, Yumei Sun
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812533
The growth of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) emerges as analytical decision-making tools utilizing highly
specialized geographic data. However, a simple system still does not exist for the integration/sharing information among
GIS. Different organizations working within various domains have built their own data models for collecting and analyzing
data. Many data storage, analysis, and delivery issues have prevented these organizations from effectively sharing their data.
This presentation aims to show how to share the geo referenced information by utilizing GML (Geography Markup
Language) technology among heterogeneous GIS. At present, the updates are retrieved manually; often failing entirely
results in information loss and major inconsistencies or referenced data set can be purchased from geographic information
producers. The problems and expense associated with the integration of updates for geographic databases are documented.
Moreover, a showcase study on a GML based Web-GIS application system has also been developed in order to show how to
share geographic information by using GML. The application includes various coverage layers online maps, important
textual information and selected case studies
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812535
GIS shows great potential for supporting kinds of decision and management functions that lie at the heart of the planning
process. However, data sharing and integration between GIS and urban planning are always problematic. This paper
analyzes the root causes of the problem. Then, for finding a fundamental solution, the paper introduces an open data
model-CityGML and its application in urban planning processes. As proof of concept, an initial prototype is designed to
demonstrate the data sharing and integration based on CityGML.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812536
As an XML-Based markup language, Geography Markup Language (GML) is a tool of storing, modeling,
transferring, and exchanging for spatial data interoperability. More business organizations and researchers apply
themselves to researches on GML applied technologies. However, after the analysis of these research results, we find
that the interoperability of these research results has become a limitation in the development of GML applied
technology. After analyzing OGC Web Service (OWS) framework and Web Services protocols related, this paper
designs and implements a GML Applied Technology Service Framework (GATSF) to solve the interoperability
problem mentioned above. In the end, this paper gives an example of prototype system whose system functions are
created through the integration of services in GATSF.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812537
With the growth of the World Wide Web technologies, the access to and use of geospatial information changed in the
past decade radically. Previously, the data processed by a GIS as well as its methods had resided locally and contained
information that was sufficiently unambiguous in the respective information community. Now, both data and methods
may be retrieved and combined from anywhere in the world, escaping their local contexts. The last few years have seen a
growing interest in the field of semantic geospatial web. With the development of semantic web technologies, we have
seen the possibility of solving the heterogeneity/interoperation problem in the GIS community. The semantic geospatial
web application can support a wide variety of tasks including data integration, interoperability, knowledge reuse, spatial
reasoning and many others. This paper proposes a flexible framework called GeoSWF (short for Geospatial Semantic
Web Framework), which supports the semantic integration of the distributed and heterogeneous geospatial information
resources and also supports the semantic query and spatial relationship reasoning. We design the architecture of
GeoSWF by extending the MVC Pattern. The GeoSWF use the geo-2007.owl proposed by W3C as the reference
ontology of the geospatial information and design different application ontologies according to the situation of
heterogeneous geospatial information resources. A Geospatial Ontology Creating Algorithm (GOCA) is designed for
convert the geospatial information to the ontology instances represented by RDF/OWL. On the top of these ontology
instances, the GeoSWF carry out the semantic reasoning by the rule set stored in the knowledge base to generate new
system query. The query result will be ranking by ordering the Euclidean distance of each ontology instances. At last, the
paper gives the conclusion and future work.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430G (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812538
With the rapid increase of remote-sensing information data, remote-sensing information processing becomes more
important and complicated. However, the processing methods used lead to low processing speed, and make it difficult to
realize resource sharing and mutual operation. Web Services technology can promote research into rapid processing
and share of the remote-sensing data in a heterogeneous environment, so it can help to solve this problem. The existing
problem is that descriptions of the service lack of well-defined semantic information and reasoning ability, so the
computer can't understand the rich information from the network. Based on the situation mentioned above, this article
puts forward a uniform semantic model to solve this kind of problem.
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Ling Zhang, Yi Long, Yue Chen, Guo-nian Lv, Yao Pang
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812539
Natural language has been considered as one of the most habitual and effective ways of human-computer interaction
(HCI). This paper proposes the constrained principles in the perspective of mobile GIS nature language, and it also
restricts understanding of natural language in the domain of the specific application in mobile GIS. For implementing the
interaction between mobile GIS and users with nature language, we should establish the grammar rules and the
understanding method of these rules in the view of system control and spatial information inquiry. We use speech
technology and mobile GIS to carry human-computer interaction out in order to achieve a friendlier, more intelligent,
and easier operated way for the visit of user and the expression of information. It can promote mobile GIS to a state
which is more intelligent and socialized and also improve its degree of practicality.
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Yao Pang, Yi Long, Chen-yang Qian, Yue Chen, Guo-nian Lv
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430I (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812540
Spatial information query is one of the most fundamental applications in GIS. Spatial information query based on
Chinese means making a query in forms of Chinese language. Word segmentation is the first step in the process of query
understanding. With the help of related searching method to extract the characteristic words from the input sentence, we
can segment it into several parts for further analyzing, and then map them to a subset of spatial information database and
feed back the result to the user. This thesis tries to improve the study of Chinese spatial information query and proposes a
word segmentation method based on a set of characteristic words. The method rearranges the query sentence according
to the given patterns and abandons the irrelevant words. Moreover, when meeting the wrong object names or unknown
ones, it will amend or insert them into the dynamic library automatically. Such word segmentation method not only takes
away the identification of irrelevant words but improves its efficiency of spatial information query and makes for the
following mapping to the spatial database.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430J (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812542
The rising of semantic Web technology has advanced the development of ontology technology. Ontology as the
foundation of semantic Web has exerted many significant role in knowledge expression and knowledge reasoning. After
introducing OWL language, ontology and ontology reasoning, this paper constructed spatial ontology in digital urban
planning and ontology reasoning system based on OWL then has finished relative reasoning experiment through
applying this system. The experiment result indicated that spatial ontology that based on OWL not only extended the
relations between classes and attributes, also improved the capability of inquire and reasoning.
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DongLai Jiao, ShuLiang Zhang, GuoNian Lv, XiaoLi Yang
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812543
GML data is widely used for model building, data exchanging, etc. The GML data parsing is the base of handling other
operation of GML. The parsing technology of XML can be used for GML parsing. But the XML parsing technology is
deficient in parsing semantic information on geography information. This paper tries to build a semantic information
database (SIDB) of GML and design GML core schema-based parsing engine which based on SIDB. Ultimately
actualize GML data parsing. The results of the study are verified by GML test data in the paper. And more, this study
provides a new way to parsing semantic information in other fields.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812544
Spatial relations are the foundation of spatial analysis which has important roles in GIS. A reasonable coordinate frame
model should be able to describe the orientation relations of two geographic objects clearly, which is part of spatial
relations. The reference frame model, which is built according to the spatial pattern of city layout and reflects human's
geographic cognition, is helpful in qualitative spatial reasoning, geographic semantic expression, and inquiring based on
the natural languages. Geographical ontology is about the knowledge and concepts which have in common in the domain
of geography. A semantic model based on ontology can describe the connection of two concepts and provide a new way
to construct concept models. This paper mainly studied the meaning of geographic concepts based on 12-direction city
coordinate frame model of Beijing. The way of exchanging geographic knowledge and geographic semantic expressions
are also important parts of this paper. Based on the reference frame model, the paper built a knowledge database of
geographic ontology. The spatial and non-spatial knowledge could be expressed and inferred by the database. This
research makes full preparation for establishing the LBS service structure supporting natural languages.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430M (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812545
Geographical GRID system is of great importance at fields as public security, military action, emergency response etc.
The homogenizing distributed geographic environment system requires same geographical information for operations in
each node. The bottle neck is how to reliably and accurately synchronize the great volume geographical data. This paper
solves the problem in three ways. First, Message server queue is constructed for stable message delivery. In this way, the
message server always has its alternative in preparation for breakdowns, and the whole GRID always has single working
message server. Then the message server queue can be constructed and effectively woks. This mode has the advantages
of the other two modes that the message delivery is more reliable and less time-costing. Second, both push and pull
modes are adopted to send messages in time. Push mode means the node which has altered its data is responsible for the
delivery of the changed part, like "push" the data to the message server. While pull mode means the demand node or the
message server is responsible to check the data status in other nodes and "pull" the new data from the source. In push
mode, if the network between the sponsor node and the message server breakdown, the message could be missing or the
sponsor could be halted, when the network resumed, the update action could not be invoked again. And in pull mode, the
message server needs to check the data and collect update parts in the whole grid, it is a time-costing operation that could
not be executed frequently. So the combination mode is adopted. In combination mode, not only each node has its own
update trigger to invoke the delivery of the new data, but also the message server also can recurrently check the data
status after an assigned interval according to the network situation and the computation ability, then the duly update can
be guaranteed. Three, extended GML is developed to wrap the geographical data. GML defines a lot of types of elements
and attributes to describe geographical entity in detail. But to synchronize geo-information in GRID-GIS, these
definitions are not adequate. Because the spatial data must be wrapped into small flexible and linkable unit to cut down
the time of delivering and receiving which are the most unstable periods in synchronizing course and to resend and
assembly the units in unambiguous order. So our system developed the extended GML format, in which granularity level, including relation, inner string length are defined. By its help, the volume of data message is controllable and it is
more reliable and accurate to resend and assembly the data fragments. These three methods are the key solutions to the
geographical information synchronizing in GRID-GIS. Their validity has proved in practice.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812546
People typically use geographic names instead of coordinates to find geographic information on the web through a search
engine. But the current keyword-based web search engines are poorly adapted to help people find information that relates
to a particular geographic name, because they don't incorporate the geospatial semantic during the search process. The
Semantic Web is a new semantic-based information-retrieval environment. We propose the information organization
framework of the GIS semantic data according to the architecture of the Semantic Web, that is, the ontology, the
metadata and the data source. Then we deal with the organization of the semantic data based on the three-layered
framework respectively. As a focus, we present a novel method to disambiguate geographical name based on the
ontology of the place.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430O (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812547
Geographic Information System (GIS) is moving towards distribution and sharing. Distributed Spatial Database Systems
(DSDBS) has attracted the attention of many scholars. This paper introduces the prospects of Distributed GIS (DGIS),
and describes the definition of DSDBS and the existing problems. The researches in related fields are analyzed, including
the research results in the traditional distributed relational database fields, the distributed spatial database fields and the
spatial query optimization aspect. Grid technologies are developing forward, and grid will be turned into the standard
distributed computing platform, therefore the application of DSDBS will be much broader than ever. The present studies
on distributed spatial query focus on spatial join optimization. Researches on query scheduling are rare. In the process of
constructing our test system for distributed spatial query, we find there are some replication nodes after the step of data
localization. These nodes cause redundant computing of query processing. This paper gives a method to solve it based on
the Query Scheduling Tree Model (QSTM). It also gives a detailed scheduling algorithm, and analyzes the effectiveness
of the model and the algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812548
Spatial information sharing and integration has now become an important issue of Geographical Information Science
(GIS). Web Service technologies provide a easy and standard way to share spatial resources over network, and grid
technologies which aim at sharing resources such as data, storage, and computational powers can help the sharing go
deeper. However, the dynamic characteristic of grid brings complexity to spatial query optimization which is more
stressed in GIS domain because spatial operations are both CPU intensive and data intensive. To address this problem, a
new grid framework is employed to provide standard spatial services which can also manage and report their state
information to the coordinator which is responsible for distributed spatial query optimization.
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Yan Li, Michael P. Peterson, Haosheng Huang, Jie Ma
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430Q (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812549
With the development of geo-informatics, the demands of web mapping services are increasing worldwide. However,
these services need to be more accessible and personalized including the ability to display multiple languages in a single
interface or a geo-spatial Web Site in terms of 'on-the-fly' map representation and decoration for international visitors.
This paper is proposed a multilingual-based approach which a SVG based map is the primary source for preparing a
multilingual Web map. According to the basic concepts or principles of map decoration, the paper gives not only an
ontological model of map representation and decoration but also indicates clearly that the general issues and main
theories and methods of multilingual text on Web mapping. Then, it combines different techniques to decorate the Web
map such as SVG specification, four color theorem and line simplification. In order to handle the concurrent hierarchies
in geometric context of the map, a geometric view of the solution, a segment tree structure and range-query structure
were adapted to solve the issues of text kerning along the curve and multilingual text overlap on one point or coordinate
in particular multidimensional or multi-element ones. By the experiments, this approach can be used to implement the
spatial query like accessing spatial geometric elements and attributes and it can also be creating maps on-the-fly for
multilingual map generalization and integration. Finally, these approaches were implemented and supported to create a
software platform called 'Spatial Information Service System' which focus on the integration with multiply sources of
spatial information as a disseminating and serving platform for visualizing functionality and generating maps on-the-fly
in the context of web mapping applications.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812550
Geographic ontology is a very complex and intricate concept. As a philosophical concept, ontology has the most
ambiguous meanings. In the paper, firstly the concept of geographic ontology is explored and the three meanings of
geographic ontology are put forward: philosophy ontology, information ontology and spatial ontology. Then it introduces
some ontology representation languages and concludes by suggesting OWL as the appropriate language for building
geographic ontology. But geographic ontology is quite distinct from the general information ontology in that it should
represent spatial properties as well as attribute properties. Unfortunately, OWL cannot describe spatial properties and
spatial relations of geographic ontology because they are mainly for representing the general information ontology. It
puts forward to build some formal axioms about spatial properties of geographic ontology by use of three theoretical
tools: mereology, location theory and topology. With these axioms, we can formally represent geographic ontology with
spatial properties. Finally, it shows how we can use geographic ontology to describe map services and to improve the
quality of map services.
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Quan-Li Xu, Kun Yang, Jun Wang, Shuang-Yun Peng, Jun-Hua Yi
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430S (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812551
Firstly, this paper expounded that the traditional searching based on keywords has a severe deficiency on Recall and
Precision because the computer can't understand what information mean efficiently. In Succession, through extending
from ordinary information to Geo-spatial information, on the support of geo-ontology theory and semantic web services
technology, this paper discussed the principle, methods and application of ontology-driven geo-spatial information
retrieving mechanism in semantic web. In other word, How to structure the framework for running this mechanism, how
to build the ontology information models and how to establish the ontology-driven services models are discussed in
detail in context. A design of systems for implementing the mechanism and experiment are given at the end of the text.
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Shuang-yun Peng, Kun Yang, Quan-li Xu, Bang-mei Huang
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812552
With the development of Semantic Web technology, the spatial information service based on ontology is an effective
way for sharing and interoperation of heterogeneous information resources in the distributed network environment. This
paper discusses spatial information sharing and interoperability in the Semantic Web Services architecture. Through
using Ontology record spatial information in sharing knowledge system, explicit and formalization expresses the default
and the concealment semantic information. It provides the prerequisite for spatial information sharing and
interoperability; Through Semantic Web Services technology parses Ontology and intelligent buildings services under
network environment, form a network of services. In order to realize the practical applications of spatial information
sharing and interoperation in different brunches of CDC system, a prototype system for HIV/AIDS information sharing
based on geo-ontology has also been developed by using the methods described above.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430U (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812553
As a network standard of graphic visualization, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) faces an uncompleted representation of
spatial information such as spatial position, spatial relations and map symbols and map decoration. And it's either
impossible to avoid a great capacity of spatial data processing which slowed down the executing speed of the system on
client side. Thus, a SVG-based visualizing database has been proposed as the solution for managing all the graphics and
its attributes of SVG document in a DBMS for Web GIS. The experimental results of the solution shown, 1) it improves
the efficiency of visualizing data transforming and displaying and saves at least half of the implementing time; 2) it
provides an operation in element level based on the designed database structure by selecting the medium granularity as a
storing node; 3) the storing scheme can hold the characteristics of spatial information including spatial position, spatial
relations and map symbols and map decoration by the comparison of both data in document and in the database; 4) it
showed an advantage of the interactive operation with connecting multiply scale of data layers; 5) the database can
creates an externally stored scheme which makes a directly connection between spatial graphic object and joining
attribute database.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430V (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812555
During the last few years, the value of ecosystem services, the possibilities and rationalities of evaluating these services
have attracted interests of many ecologists and economists. However, the dynamic change of ecosystem services is less
studied. In this paper, the dynamic simulation method (i.e., CA-Markov) is used to simulate the change of ecosystem
services value in research area. The main objective of this study is to give comprehensive and reasonable assessment of
the ecosystem services value change in the research area which would provide scientific basis for environment,
ecosystem construction and strategic decisions. Based on the remote sensing dada of year 1992 and 2003, the landscape
information of research area is obtained, and the transfer matrix among various landscapes is calculated during the
period, then the data of landscape of research area in year 2015 is predicted using the model of CA-Markov. Then the
change of ecosystem services value is calculated based on the value coefficient of various landscapes. The research
demonstrates that the CA-Markov is a good tool for simulating the change of ecosystem services value. The studied
result can provide scientific basis for ecosystem construction and strategic decisions.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430W (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812556
The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is the most accurate nearglobal
elevation model that is publicly available. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission (SRTM) data sets were reviewed and discussed briefly. In order to verify the effect of applying
SRTM data sets in surface water hydrologic simulation, a tool set named Arc Hydro Tools that is utilized to extract
watershed characteristics was introduced, developed as an ArcGIS interface. The Qingshuijiang watershed in Guizhou
Province, Southwest China, was taken as a case study. Using the tool set, the river network and subwatersheds of main
tributaries were delineated from CGIAR- CSI SRTM 90 m DEM. By comparing the river network delineated from
CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m DEM with the actual river network and comparing areas of the subwatersheds delineated from
CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m DEM with the actual areas of the subwatersheds, it can be concluded that the delineated river
network is generally in accord with the actual river network, as well as the areas of the delineated subwatersheds. The
CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m DEM will promote the use of geospatial science and applications for digital topography
analysis, especially for surface water hydrologic simulation.
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Huaguo Huang, Lei Wang, XiaoLi Zhang, YouQing Luo, Liqiong Zhao
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430X (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812557
A coupled method based on multi-agent model, remote sensing and GIS is described to simulate the forest disease
spread. The coupled model focuses on the temporal dynamics of the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus population at the
landscape scale. Each individual is modeled as an autonomous agent who behaves according to a set of rules including
spreading in the landscape, feeding on Pinus massoniana, sheltering in forest edges and dying, constrained by terrain,
land cover and other variables. The model parameters are derived from remote sensing data and field measurements. Ten
factors, including damage degree of Pinus Massoniana, altitude and slope, are helped to build the transfer rules. The
main outputs are the dynamic disease distribution maps and survived pine population. Our method is applied and
validated in DingHai distinct, Zhou Shan city of Zhejiang Province. Three Landsat TM images from the year 1991 to
2006 are used for the pine information extraction. The extracted pine distribution map is used to compare with the
simulated surviving pine map. The results show that the coupled model can produce reasonable results and be used as a
virtual experiment tool. However, it is difficult to simulate the human activities to help or prevent disease spread and the
long fly behavior of insect vectors. Therefore, there still exists some difference between the simulated results and the real
data. At the next step, those factors will be considered.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430Y (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812558
Based on eight remotely sensed images, this paper studies the spatial-temporal characteristic of Chongqing's city spatial
morphology evolution in recent three decades. The process and characteristics of urban expansion and urban morphology
are analyzed using fractal dimension, radiation index and compactness index based spatial morhoplogic measurement
coupled with land use change mornitoring. The results show that Chongqing developed by leaps and bounds and
experienced three major stages, i.e., relatively stable period in the 1980s, the slow development period after the mid-1980s and the relatively high-speed development period in recent years. The urban built-up area was 87.32km2 in 1978
and increased to 282.91km2 in 2005. The increase built-up area originagtes from different land use type, of which about
76.86% coverted from arable land and about 20.52% coverted from rural area and dependent factory, diggings land and
other construction area.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71430Z (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812559
Following the development of spatial data collection technologies, more and more spatial data have been collected
through various ways. Increasing demands are being put forward on use of spatial data in many aspects such as spatial
data analysis, spatial data mining and knowledge discovery. Swarm intelligence is one of the most known examples in
different manners, which offers an alternative way for spatial information process. This paper intends to focus on this
new approach in spatial information process by using swarm intelligence. We first study the mechanism of this issue
from a new point view, then the advantages of this advanced technology in spatial information process is discussed, and
the research status in the field of spatial information process is studied. Last we presented applied Nature Inspired
System for the future intelligent spatial information process.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714310 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812560
Though the urban land use spatial dynamic simulation and forecasting based on cellular automata (CA) model have
achieved remarkable progress, the CA model still has some problems and drawbacks in forecasting urban land use
changes. In view of the deficiencies of traditional urban CA, an improved CA model based on spatial dynamic data
mining and random forecast is proposed in this paper, which establishes an operable CA method to forecast and simulate
the discrete status attribute. This improved CA model is examined in analyzing the urban land use structure changes in
Jinan 2002-2006 and testified both feasible and effective. Based on the remote sensing images in Jinan 2002 and 2006,
the urban land use spatial structures are classified into five types, commercial land, residential land, education facility,
industrial land and the other. With the improved CA model, the urban land use framework in Jinan in 2010 was
calculated, the result of which can be used as a reliable reference information for the following urban land use planning.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714311 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812561
By use of 3D dynamic visual simulation technology based on GIS, this paper puts forward a suit of construction system
of 3D visual digital modal and construction process simulation methods for pit foundation. Graphical modeling and
dynamic simulation of the entire construction process visualization was realized. At first, the 3D geologic strata model is
realized according to pre-results of our research group, the 3D visual digital model construction method and
corresponding standard database establishment are discussed, and then according to the relational database, the whole
up-down construction method of pit foundation construction process dynamic simulation path is set up. The graphical
modeling facilitates the establishment of simulation model by combining graphic model elements based on hierarchical
modular modeling theory. The entire process uses discrete event system simulation basic concept, adjusts to use
relational database, and carries out construction model combination. Combining the whole and detail simulation states,
the paper carries out the entire dynamic construction progress simulation, and at last develops a large 3D visual
simulation system of pit foundation based on the World Expo 500kV transformer substation pit foundation of Shanghai
World Exhibition.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714312 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812562
Land-use change is the most remarkable symbol of the earth landscape evolution, also one of the main factors which
accelerate regional and even global change. The impact of land-use change on storm runoff is a hot topic in hydrologic
research and is often assessed by hydrological model through designed land-use scenarios. In this study, a simple
distributed hydrological model is introduced and improved to make model scheme more close to the practical processes
and integrate with more remote sensing data. The improved model is tested with six representative and isolated storm
events and gained a good performance. All the relative errors of storm runoff depth are less than 18% and the peak
discharge errors are within 20%. Although the flood peak of all storm take place one or two hours in advance, but the
Nash efficiency are approving, not less than 81%. The investigation of land-use change effect through 4 designed landuse
scenarios reveal that land cover with forest corresponds to large interception and woody savanna corresponds to
small interception. The croplands have almost the same interception as in actual land-use. Runoff depth decreases in
forest land and increases in woody savannas and croplands. Peak discharges have the same variation as runoff depth.
Croplands make peak discharge increase more than 20%, at the same time, return period of flood become shorten.
However, the time to flood peak are changeless in every land-use scenarios due to the small study area probably.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714313 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812563
Geographical Cellular Automata (GCA) approach is based on complexity theory and is widely used in geospatial
modeling. A reason for the increasing attention given to GCA models is that they can easily be integrated with rasterbased
GIS environment. However, the behavior of the GCA models is affected by uncertainties arising from the
interaction between model elements, structures, and the quality of data sources used as model input. The objective of
this study is to examine the impacts of model elements on the generated outputs of a GIS-based GCA land-use growth
model using sensitivity analysis (SA) approach. The proposed SA method consists of KAPPA index with different
spatial metrics. A stochastic GCA model was built to model land use change in the changsha region (Hunan,China). The
transition rules were empirically derived from four Landsat-TM (30m resolution) images taken in 1996,1999, 2002 and
2005 that have been resampled to four resolutions (30, 60, 90, 120m). Five different neighbourhood configurations were
considered (Moore, Von Neumann, and circular approximations of 2, 3 and 4 cell radii). Simulations were performed
for each of the twenty spatial scale scenarios. Results show that spatial scale has a considerable impact on simulation
dynamics in terms of both land use area and spatial structure. The spatial scale domains present in the results reveal the
nonlinear relationships that link the spatial scale components to the simulation results.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714314 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812564
Cellular automata (CA) modeling is one of the recent advances in spatial-temporal modeling techniques to the field
of urban growth dynamics. A number of CA-based models of urban growth have produced satisfactory simulations of
spatial urban expansion over time. The paper explained the parameters, transformation and calibration of the SLEUTH
model-one specific format of the cellular automation model, on the base of which the process of urban growth of
changsha city between the year 1996 and 2005 is rebuilt. Moreover the spatial morphology of Changsha city in 2015 and
2030 is separately predicted with the method of scenario simulation. The results of analysis and simulations indicate that
application of the SLEUTH model to simulation of urban growth is advisable and the accuracy of simulation is
acceptable.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714315 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812565
Urban evolution model is an assistant analysis method for urban planning which can effectively trace the urban
development process of the past and predict the possible evolution scenarios in the future. This paper proposed urban
spatial system dynamic model (USSD model) by coupling strategy between Geographic Information System (GIS) and
urban System Dynamic (SD). GIS can deal with the static spatial relationships while SD can deal with the dynamic
relationships of complex spatial system. This new urban expansion model can predict the expansion scenarios in the
future according to tracing the urban development of the past. It considered the spatial relationships among urban system
elements as well as the dynamic links and interactions among the spatial elements over time. It is achieved through a
dynamic data exchange between GIS and SD. Firstly we analyzed urban system by using five subsystems: population,
resources, transportation, land usage and soil erosion. Secondly, we have developed USSD model based on dynamic
links among the subsystems. Thirdly, we have created five layers in GIS and operated them in the USSD model. Finally,
a case study illustrated the USSD model in Wuhan city. It is concluded that the USSD model is an efficient tool for
forecasting the urban expansion with its advantages on dealing with the spatio-temporal problem.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714316 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812568
Land resource optimal allocation has always been one of the most challenging issues in land science field. The classical
methodologies and theories of land resource allocation optimization pay more attention to the economic benefit and
ignore the environmental benefit and the ecological benefit, Which has breached the sustainable development;
moreover, it devote more attention to the amount structure optimization and ignore the spatial configuration
optimization. In recent years, Many researchers bring forward some integrated models, Which realized the social,
ecological and economic benefit. But nearly nobody can construct the integrated model which could combine the
amount structure optimization with the spatial configuration optimization. This article use niche model to optimize the
land amount structure and simulate the spatial configuration based on CA.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714317 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812569
Ground deformation caused by groundwater exploitation, mine exploitation, deep foundation pit excavation, etc,
seriously threatens normal production and life and structure safety of buildings, and the capacity of soil cultivation
descends or abandons, so it is significance that studying defending and controlling methods of ground surface
deformation. Because of the difficulty of reality expressing spatio-temporal characteristic and information of ground
surface deformation, in order to solving the problem, it is need to adopt combining methods both spatial information
technology and animation technology, and discusses the contents and ways of ground surface deformation dynamic
simulation. Firstly, by means of ground surface deformation spatio-temporal course, the ground surface deformation
spatio-temporal is founded. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the time effect and space distribution characteristics of
ground surface deformation caused by groundwater exploitation, mine exploitation, deep foundation pit excavation, the
contents and ways of ground surface deformation dynamic simulation is founded. Finally, spatio-temporal characteristic
of ground surface deformation is simulated by animation technology, digital terrain model and spatio-temporal database.
The research shows that the dynamic simulation can nicely reflect spatio-temporal characteristics of ground surface
deformation, and can expediently and rapidly study the laws of ground surface deformation.
Keywords: animation, ground deformation, dynamic simulation
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714318 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812570
In this paper, we present a matching method for DSM generation from multiple images based on feature points, which
introduce the coarse-to-fine strategy, geometrically constrained matching and relaxation technology, the matching is
guided by the information in the object and make full use of the information in both image and object space. A match
appearing in any pair has the chance to survive, and very dense disparity maps are obtained. Experiments have been
performed and the height accuracy of the derived DSM is about 3 pixels.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714319 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812573
This research tries to explain the internal driving forces of circular structure formation in urban geography via the
simulation of interaction between individual behavior and market. On the premise of single city center, unchanged scale
merit and complete competition, enterprise migration theory as well, an R-D algorithm, that has agents searched the best
behavior rules in some given locations, is introduced with agent-based modeling technique. The experiment conducts a
simulation on Swarm platform, whose result reflects and replays the formation process of Von Thünen circular structure.
Introducing and considering some heterogeneous factors, such as traffic roads, the research verifies several landuse
models and discusses the self-adjustment function of price mechanism.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812574
This paper presented a model to simulate urban land use changes based on artificial neural network (ANN) and cellular
automata (CA). The model was scaled down at the intra-urban level with subtle land use categorization, developed with
Matlab 7.2 and loosely coupled with GIS. Urban land use system is a very complicated non-linear social system
influenced by many factors. In this paper, four aspects of a totality 17 factors, including physical, social-economic,
neighborhoods and policy, were considered synthetically. ANN was proposed as a solution of CA model calibration
through its training to acquire the multitudinous parameters as a substitute for the complex transition rules. A stochastic
perturbation parameter v was added into the model, and five different scenarios with different values of v and the
threshold were designed for simulations and predictions to explore their effects on urban land use changes. Simulations
of 2005 and predictions of 2015 under the five different scenarios were made and evaluated. Finally, the advantages and
disadvantages of the model were discussed.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812576
In the area of forest RADAR remote sensing, L-system is often used to obtain realistic tree structures and the
components. With the development of knowledge and computer graphics, static tree models simulated by computers are
animated. Timed L-systems and tree growth functions are introduced to model and visualize the growth of those static
tree models we developed before.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812577
The complex urban system can't be simulated directly by the traditional and static models. Cellular automata (CA) is a
kind of dynamically modeling framework from bottom to top, which possesses the capability of modeling spatialtemporal
evolvement process of a complicated geographical system. The peculiarities of CA are apt for simulating
urban sprawl, urban expansion and land use evolution, which make the application of CA become very popular. The
environment of CA simulation can be improved by using the CA model integrated with GIS to simulate the urban
sprawl, and new parameters and transition rules can be found out by establishing classical urban CA. The paper
summarizes the status and the application of urban CA in the world, develops a CA model named GIS-CA on the basis
of the principle of CA, integrated with GIS and RS, adds urban plan as controlling factor into GIS-CA model, and uses
GIS-CA model to simulate and forecast urban sprawl, and takes Luoyang City as the case study. The simulation and
forecast results are acceptable for that the precision and Lee-Sallee shape index are rational.
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Ying Long, Zhenjiang Shen, Liqun Du, Qizhi Mao, Zhanping Gao
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812578
It is in great need of identifying the future urban form of Beijing, which faces challenges of rapid growth in urban
development projects implemented in Beijing. We develop Beijing Urban Developing Model (BUDEM in short) to
support urban planning and corresponding policies evaluation. BUDEM is the spatio-temporal dynamic model for
simulating urban growth in Beijing metropolitan area, using cellular automata (CA) and Multi-agent system (MAS)
approaches. In this phase, the computer simulation using CA in Beijing metropolitan area is conducted, which attempts
to provide a premise of urban activities including different kinds of urban development projects for industrial plants,
shopping facilities, houses. In the paper, concept model of BUDEM is introduced, which is established basing on
prevalent urban growth theories. The method integrating logistic regression and MonoLoop is used to retrieve weights in
the transition rule by MCE. After model sensibility analysis, we apply BUDEM into three aspects of urban planning
practices: (1) Identifying urban growth mechanism in various historical phases since 1986; (2) Identifying urban growth
policies needed to implement desired urban form (BEIJING2020), namely planned urban form; (3) Simulating urban
growth scenarios of 2049 (BEIJING2049) basing on the urban form and parameter set of BEIJING2020.
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Junting Chen, Jianggang Xu, Yi Qi, Jianghua Tong, Yang Wu
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812579
Waste gas pollution diffusion is one of the basic factors that should be considered in the layout of urban planning. In the
field of Chinese urban planning, limited by the planning skill and the level of different departments' involvement, the
future pollution degree and pollution range of industrial region is hard to be predicted accurately. The newly issued
Urban and Rural Planning Act carry out scientific development idea, pay more attention to the proteaction of urban
ecological environment in principles, and encourage the application of new technology and new methods in planning
skill. This paper combines digital map information, collects industrial point source spatial data of Nanjing, selects
appropriate model from the technical requirements of urban land planning, establish database of air pollution diffusion
based on ArcGIS platform, calculates spatial concentration of air pollution diffusion with interpolation, and carry out
superposition between 16 wind directions and value in multi-sources air pollution, puts forward the conception of
effective pollution range according to national environment management system standard, and performs a preliminary
spatial fitting between computing result of spatial data and urban land, evaluates the effects of waste gas pollution in
Nanjing on urban land planning. Finally the research direction that can be prolonged is pointed out.
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Dayong Yang, Kui Lin, Guoqiang Jiang, Kunrong Zhao, Jian Yang
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812580
The frequent occurrences of major water pollution emergencies in China have aroused the widespread social and
governmental concerns. How to address serious water pollution is a complex task with integration of several elements.
Focusing on the weakness of the mission, the paper has made comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of various
water types, operation status of different pollutions. Study was made on the prediction simulation of unexpected events,
and a forecast system of water pollution events was designed and established with the support of the environmental water
models. The research in the paper has adapted to the environment management in the new phase and met the urgent
demand in the water pollution emergencies; hence it is of practical significance.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431G (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812581
There is rapid development of CA models for simulation of land use patterns and urban systems recently. Traditional
models use the uniform transition rules in large areas or at long times. These models have limitations because they use
the same factors and weights in different places or times while these factors and weights vary spatially. This paper
presents the method of using dynamic transition rules for producing more reliable urban simulation. The advantages of
dynamic transition rules are apparent in this paper. First, it uses different factors and weights in different regions which
are consistent with actual urban systems. Second, the main factors can be obtained from the dynamic transition rules in
different regions which may produce different urban development patterns. Based on the stepwise logistical regression
model, dynamic transition rules were obtained for simulating the evolution of the urban systems in five towns of the
Dongguan city from 1988 to 2004. Compared with the general CA model, the simulation precision is improved by using
this method. From the factors and weights of dynamic transition rules, three kinds of development patterns were
obtained: center development pattern, road development pattern and center-road development pattern.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812582
The land use change is a progressive and non-deterministic process both spatially and temporally. In dealing with this
relatively complicated spatial phenomenon, the Fuzzy Set theory could be employed to represent and handle the spatial
uncertainty in the two-dimension continuous space. This study thus combines this theory with the shape interpolation
technique to simulate the change of land use across space over time. Specifically, the Fuzzy Set theory is used for
producing a set of intermediate fuzzy layers of geographic features based on two existing ultimate layers. Here the fuzzy
membership functions are constructed by a statistic method related to the theory of probability. With a given space-time
resolution, the utilization of shape interpolation is aimed at determining the particular location of a geographic entity.
Using Nantong City of Jiangsu Province as a case study, the transition progress from non-urban area to urban area
between 2001 and 2006 is empirically implemented. The research results are obtained in accordance the realistic
situation of urban growth in Nantong City.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431I (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812583
Agent-based approach has the advantage of supporting researches on local dynamics of pedestrian movement at a fine
scale. After discussing the categories of environment and pedestrian behaviors, this paper reviews the recent
development of diverse applications of agent-based pedestrian modeling and simulation under the four headings: (1)
transportation planning for pedestrian facilities, (2) planning and design of urban space, (3) crowding, evacuation/panic,
and disaster management, and (4) commercial activity organization and shopping behavior. The proposed various models
and simulation systems in most of the applications are still immature and not suitable for practical decision-making. The
last section of the paper discusses the relationship between GIS and agent-based pedestrian models and simulation
systems, and stresses the enhancement of such models and simulations by incorporating more spatial query and analysis
functionalities of GIS.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431J (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812584
In recent epidemical researches based on GIS, a great deal of studies focus on the data analysis and result deduction
using spatial-temporal analysis, scientific visualization, etc. However, there are rare researches on information
visualization of various epidemical diseases. This paper studied information visualization of epidemical disease
attributes, distribution, and statistics based on GIS, designed a multi-scale and population-based epidemical spreading
model by considering the influence of real geographical and demographic information, and implemented its information
visualization. The epidemical influence of population immigration is also considered. This model is based on the
traditional SEIRS model, and could be applied to the real epidemical spreading simulation on the basis of real
epidemical, geographical, social, and demographic data.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812585
Spatial database update is a matter of urgency, which will become the "bottleneck" to GIS application instead of spatial
data production. Hence it has become a focus in GIS research fields. This paper outlines the current spatial database
update modes and discusses some related practical issues. In order to shorten spatial database update period and improve
the intelligence level of system, an incremental spatial database update mechanism was proposed by using the
cooperative work characteristic of Wiki idea and the multi-agent technology in artificial intelligence research field.
Emphasis is placed on the construction of spatial database update mechanism. Special resolve method, mechanism
elements and data update process are presented in detail. As a practical application, we implement a basic farmland
management information system. The results show that this multi-agent spatial database update mechanism based Wiki
idea can arouse the interaction of users, shorten the period of spatial data update, improve the use value of data and make
the spatial database update more convenient and flexible. So, we suggest that this mechanism can provide reference to
help solving the problem of spatial data update.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812586
A simulation system is developed for satellite tracking and orbit prediction. The program displays the location of Earth
satellites and predicts the location of any satellite at any time. And the simulation of satellite tracking and orbit
prediction take the swaths into consideration. The orbit prediction model and Two-Line Element (TLE) Sets are present
first, and the Simplified General Perturbations Version 4 and Simplified Deep-space Perturbation Version 4
(SGP4/SDP4) orbit propagation algorithms are introduced then. In the end, we introduce how we build our system in
detail. In the end we present the comparison of the prediction result between the system of ours and STK's. The result
shows that SGP4/SDP4 are efficient and valid in our system.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431M (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812587
With the development of computer science, many kinds of three dimensional software come to the world one after
another, and have been applied in many fields, such as PC games, military simulation and geographical information
system (GIS) and so on, among which the application of the technique of three dimensional geo-simulation in GIS field
has provided new platform, new ideas, and a new significant direction for the development of GIS. This paper is to
discuss the methods and realization of three-dimensional(3D) geosimulation in the field of bank collapse based on GIS,
with the research of bank collapse as the cut-in point, which is the important direction in the research of geological
disasters, and to give 3D simulation result of the reservoir bank, taking the related data in three gorges reservoir area as
the example, and at the same time to give the result of 3D simulation about bank collapse forecast, and at last to appraise
these results.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812588
The location of commercial facility decides the benefit of the operator to a large degree. Existing location methods can
express the static relationships between site selection result and location factors, but there still are some limites when
express the dynamic and uncertain relationship between them. Hence, a dynamic, stochastic and forecastable location
model should be built which can introduce the customer's behavior into the model and combine the macro pattern and
micro spatial interaction. So the authors proposes Geosim-LM based on MAS. Geosim-LM has 3 kinds of agents,
CustAgent, SiteAgent and GovAgent. They represent the customers, commercial fercilities and government. The land
type, land price and traffic are the model environment. Then Geosim-LM is applied in the bank branches site evaluation
and selection in Liwan district, Guangzhou. In existing bank branches site evaluation, there are 70% consistent in score
grade between result of Geosim-LM after 200 round runing and actual rebust location. It proves the model is reliable and
feasible. The conclusions can be get from the paper. MAS have advantages in location choice than existed methods. The
result of Geosim-LM running can powerfully proves that building location model based on MAS is feasible.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431O (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812589
In this paper, we introduce a novel method ABM in simulating the unique process for the dengue spread. Dengue is an
acute infectious disease with a long history of over 200 years. Unlike the diseases that can be transmitted directly from
person to person, dengue spreads through a must vector of mosquitoes. There is still no any special effective medicine
and vaccine for dengue up till now. The best way to prevent dengue spread is to take precautions beforehand. Thus, it is
crucial to detect and study the dynamic process of dengue spread that closely relates to human-environment interactions
where Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) effectively works. The model attempts to simulate the dengue spread in a more
realistic way in the bottom-up way, and to overcome the limitation of ABM, namely overlooking the influence of
geographic and environmental factors. Considering the influence of environment, Aedes aegypti ecology and other
epidemiological characteristics of dengue spread, ABM can be regarded as a useful way to simulate the whole process so
as to disclose the essence of the evolution of dengue spread.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812590
Taiwan is located in the Circum-Pacific Belt and at the junction of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The
island is squeezed over a long period of time, so the frequency of the occurrence of earthquakes is very high. Changes of
terrain due to seismic forces such as fault ruptures and surface uplifts could cause extensive damage to water pipeline
networks. The 921 Ji-Ji earthquake was one of the most serious disasters in recent years in Taiwan, and it indeed resulted
in the most severe damage of water supply systems. The urban water supply network is very important for municipal
water management in Taiwan. If the water supply systems break down, hospitals and fire stations will not have enough
water to carry out the rescue work, and the results may worsen the disasters. This study took the water supply system of
the West District in Taipei City as an example. First, the metro-Taipei area was split into three hundred and twenty-seven
1 km by 1 km cells. Second, the location of a simulated earthquake was determined. Third, the Peak Ground
Acceleration (PGA) value of each cell was calculated by an empirical formula. Fourth, the Repair Rate (RR) of each cell
was calculated based on its PGA value. Fifth, using the GIRAFFE software developed by Cornell University, the Monte
Carlo simulation method was used to simulate the possible damage to the water supply system. And finally, the
EPANET program developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency was applied to compute the distribution of
flow volumes and water pressures of the damaged water supply system. Results of the pipeline network under different
scenarios of earthquake magnitudes are shown in this study, and they provide an evaluation basis to decision makers to
improve the pipeline infrastructures for fire protection after major earthquakes.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431Q (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812591
The period of high economic growth in Japan which began in the latter half of the 1950s led to a massive migration of
population from rural regions to the Tokyo metropolitan area. This phenomenon brought about rapid urban growth and
urban structure changes in this area. Purpose of this study is to establish a constrained CA (Cellular Automata) model
with GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to simulate urban growth pattern in the Tokyo metropolitan area towards
predicting urban form and landscape for the near future. Urban land-use is classified into multi-categories for
interpreting the effect of interaction among land-use categories in the spatial process of urban growth. Driving factors of
urban growth pattern, such as land condition, railway network, land-use zoning, random perturbation, and neighborhood
interaction and so forth, are explored and integrated into this model. These driving factors are calibrated based on
exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), spatial statistics, logistic regression, and "trial and error" approach. The
simulation is assessed at both macro and micro classification levels in three ways: visual approach; fractal dimension;
and spatial metrics. Results indicate that this model provides an effective prototype to simulate and predict urban growth
pattern of the Tokyo metropolitan area.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812592
Over the past years, GIS have been widely used for modeling urbanization from a variety of perspectives such as digital
terrain representation and overlay analysis using cell-based data platform. Similarly, simulation of urban dynamics has
been achieved with the use of Cellular Automata. In contrast to these approaches, agent-based simulation provides a
much more powerful set of tools. This allows researchers to set up a counterpart for real environmental and urban
systems in computer for experimentation and scenario analysis. This Paper basically reviews the research on the
economic mechanism of urbanization and an agent-based monocentric model is setup for further understanding the
urbanization process and mechanism in China. We build an endogenous growth model with dynamic interactions
between spatial agglomeration and urban development by using agent-based simulation. It simulates the migration
decisions of two main types of agents, namely rural and urban households between rural and urban area. The model
contains multiple economic interactions that are crucial in understanding urbanization and industrial process in China.
These adaptive agents can adjust their supply and demand according to the market situation by a learning algorithm. The
simulation result shows this agent-based urban model is able to perform the regeneration and to produce likely-to-occur
projections of reality.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431S (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812593
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a modelling framework to simulate large-scale land use changes, and its effect
on the structural and functional diversity of the ecosystem and social-economy based on the remotely sensed digital
images. The improved DLS model is developed with three scenarios in China from 2001 to 2020. The projection results
show that obvious land use changes will take place in the forestry area, grassland, cultivated land and unused land.
Dramatic changes will appear in Cultivated area in Northeast China, Huang-Huai-Hai plain and Southwest China. The
changes of forestry area are characterized by regional diversification. Grassland decreases mainly along the Great Wall
of Inner Mongolia and on Tibets Plateau. The newly expanded urban land, comparably smaller, distributes mainly
around the old towns or residential centers. There is no obvious change in water area. The unused area shrinks with the
expansion of forest and grass area in Western China. Based on this study, the capability of improved DLS modelling
framework in projecting the LUCC scenarios was tested successfully, and a conclusion was made that DLS model is an
useful model in scenario construction.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812594
Deformation on earth's surface covers crust displacement due to tectonism and land slide or subsidence caused by
human activities or natural evolvement. The former is explained by tectonician through geologic investigation and
researches. The local creep deformation arisen from engineering activities on earth's surface is complex and is often
related with local engineering safety. So this kind of deformation attracts wide attention of many scholars and engineers,
and is therefore discussed in this paper in way of simulation and prediction. In our work, we compared Auto Regressive
(AR), Moving Average (MA) and ARMA models and used AR model to replace other time serial models based on their
equivalence. It is found that AR or ARMA are fit for modeling or prediction, but it is hard to obtain deformation
mechanism. Wavelet transform (WT) has shown great potential in information extraction and identification. It is also
used as a tool to deal with deformation extraction and analysis in this paper. Tests have shown that it can be applied to
distinguish different components from mixed observation serials. It is known that an observed serial in deformation
monitoring is composed of sophisticated components and each represents different contents and is attributed to some
acting factors. In this research, regional and engineering deformation observation is employed as inputs for wavelet
decomposition; contents from different frequency scales are obtained at different layers. Deformation trend and rapid
deformation changes are found from this multiple inspection transformation. Practical examples are given to reveal the
feasibility of wavelet decomposition as a useful inspection tool for deformation analysis. From these work, we come to
see that AR approach of time serial is fit for modeling and prediction, while wavelet transform is more flexible in deep
inspection of deformation details and can exhibit subtle variation in observation serials. So some comprehensive
comparisons are made in terms of time domain and spectrum domain to summarize merits and demerits of both methods.
Practical data from field using some instruments are used for analysis and validation to verify the flexibility of suggested
models.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431U (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812595
Distributed hydrological model(DHM) has been the key research currently in hydrology integrated with digital elevation
model(DEM), geographic information system(GIS) and Remote Sensing(RS). Besides these technologies, this paper
proposes a hydrological model by integrating cellular automata (CA) and Doppler radar. CA are a kind of bottom-up
approaches and can be used to simulate complex hydrological processes. Doppler radar has provided a key input about
the precipitation with high resolution to the river discharge simulation. The proposed model has been applied to the
Huang Longdai basin in Guangdong with satisfactory results.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431V (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812596
A new model is proposed based on multi-agent system to simulate spatio-temporal transmission process of infectious
diseases. The model consists of four components: attributes definitions, neighborhood, movement rules and state
transition rules. The state transition rule is the core of the proposed model. In the model, memory of infection of
susceptible agents are embodied, moreover, infection dose decay rate and exponential distance parameters are introduced
in transmission process, so that the spatio-temporal effect is explicitly considered.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431W (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812597
Moving objects databases have become an important research issue in recent years. In case large real data sets acquired
by GPS, PDA or other mobile devices are not available, benchmarking requires the generation of artificial data sets
following the real-world behavior of spatial objects that change their locations over time. In the field of spatiotemporal
databases, a number of publications about the generation of test data are restricted to few papers. However, most of the
existing moving-object generators assume a fixed and often unrealistic mobility model and do not consider several
important characteristics of the network. In this paper, a new generator is presented to solve these problems. First of all,
the network is realistic transportation network of Guangzhou. Second, the observation records of vehicle flow are
available. Third, in order to simplify the whole simulation process and to help us visualize the process, this framework is
built under .Net development platform of Microsoft and ArcEngine9 environment.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431X (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812598
With the progress of researches on the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS),
digital earth, and information sharing, to publish RS images on the Internet has become a significant research work. In
this study, image pyramid model was introduced, and an efficient algorithm to build image pyramid was presented for
convenient data storage and retrieval. In order to improve the efficiency, the process of image cutting and resampling
was implemented in the RAM, avoiding the unnecessary I/O operations. The algorithm was implemented by combining
Java and C++ languages, ensuring both the processing speed and distributed architecture. And two distributed
implementation approaches were proposed, based on B/S and C/S architecture respectively. In the programs, some useful
functions, such as data compression, image format conversion, watermarking, and automatic error-correction, were also
implemented to facilitate and ensure the web publishing work. Tests of the programs with a global RS image showed that
they worked efficiently, robustly, and flexibly under the Internet environment. Also, the programs were endowed with
user-friendly graphical interfaces, and easy to use. Therefore the rapid web publication of RS images on the Internet
becomes easier to accomplish.
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Anthony R. Beck, Anthony G. Cohn, Michael Sanderson, Steve Ramage, Chris Tagg, Gaihua Fu, Brandon Bennett, John G. Stell
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71431Z (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812600
In this paper we discuss syntactic, semantic and schematic issues which inhibit the integration of utility data in the UK.
We then focus on the techniques employed within the VISTA project to overcome schematic heterogeneity. A Global
Schema based architecture has been developed. Although automated approaches to Global Schema definition were
attempted the heterogeneities of the sector were too great. Hence, a manual approach to Global Schema definition was
employed. The techniques used to define and subsequently map source utility data models to this schema are discussed
in detail. In order to ensure a coherent integrated model, sub and cross domain validation issues are then highlighted.
Finally the proposed framework and data flow for schematic integration is introduced.
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Yi Yang, Guonian Lu, Yongning Wen, Hui Yang, Ying Hu
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714320 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812601
Virtual Geographic Environment will be a modeling system supporting geographic analysis and visualization for
geographic research on modern distributed, heterogeneous network environments. It allows users at different geographic
locations sharing spatial information and interacting with each other via Internet. This paper proposes a new multi
pattern interactive architecture for presenting different application patterns. The architecture for the integration of multi
interactive patterns is separated into three main function layers: Data Layer, Virtual Geographic Environment Layer, and
Application Layer. With the multi pattern interactive architecture, the Virtual Geographic Environment behaves itself
with multiple application features, each of which is managed by a uniform object which is named "Entity". The objectoriented
conceptual modeling mechanism is presented by "Entity" and the relationship between them. In order to fulfil
the various interactive patterns of the Virtual Geographic Environment according to the users' requirements, multiple
application aspects are integrated dynamically, such as Geo-spatial data sharing, Geographic model integration, twodimensional
map, three-dimensional simulation and so on.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714321 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812602
Spatial data quality issues have been put in high priority in GIS community as the increasing share and use of geospatial
data, especially when Internet technology became the new medium for delivering digital data to its large audience.
However, the current lack of error-sensitive functionality has been exposed and found in many GI systems. Thus, to
enhance current GIS with quality aware functions and provide users with the geospatial data of adequate quality becomes
a big challenge. This paper focuses on improving and supporting the spatial data integrity in field based Mobile GIS. It
examines current approaches of ensuring spatial data integrity and proposes a rule-based means for specifying data
integrity requirements. Then the quality-aware GIS concept is introduced, and based on that, a geocomputational tool
prototype for interpreting integrity rules and performing the error checking in Mobile GIS is developed. Its functionality
corresponding to the detailed field data capture scenarios is introduced. This geocomputational tool has a generic
architecture, and it is implemented as the extended geospatial web functions to enhance standardized geospatial web
services (OGC WFS). Therefore it can also be easily employed by other different quality-aware GIS applications such as
data reprocessing, data analyzing and so forth.
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Jingwei Shen, Yongjun Wang, Hong Tao, Min Chen, Hongjun Su
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714322 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812603
Virtual Global, a new visualization system is designed and developed by Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic
Environment (Nanjing Normal University) as the visualization platform of the virtual geographic environment. In order
to represent various types of data about geographic information, 3D scene, geographic models and geographic
phenomena simulation in the world wide, Virtual Global is designed in which terrain, imagery data, various types of 3D
models and annotation can be represented. Distributed data service and the transfers of compressed data on the internet
are supported, too. The high speed transmission of imagery data, large scale terrain real-time roaming, automatic
annotation placement and so forth are also implemented. The spatial scattered grid which can satisfy the modeling and
simulating of the geography effectively is integrated into this system. Distributed data management is used and massive
data is stored on different computer. Progressive data transmission is introduced and data is downloaded according to the
requirement of the client. The frequency of access to the internet is reduced.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714323 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812604
The deficiencies of traditional WebGIS model were analyzed. From the points of load-balancing and map status
synchronization, we proposed a new distributed model based on server farm. It used user-defined bottom interactive
protocol, distributed dynamic balancing scheduling algorithm and map status object pool to solve many problems in the
traditional model such as inefficient heterogeneous compatibility, weak parallel processing capability, and the difficulties
in map status synchronization. A test-bed was established to verify the performance of the model. A series of test results
has proved that the new WebGIS model has strong heterogeneous compatibility, parallel processing capability and faulttolerant
features. Through the mechanism of map status synchronization, the new model can realize sustained
preservation and synchronization of map operated statuses and meets the demands of users' uninterrupted accesses.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714324 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812605
The development of WebGIS and its widely application provide a good technical support for the network map
publishing. This article mainly researched the command of ArcIMS's ADMINCMD, and executed command
management to the ArcIMS server with ArcXML technology. In this technical foundation, an automation publishing
system based on ArcIMS server has been designed. It gives an example of application combined the Chongqing climate
resources management information system.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714325 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812606
Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE) is a virtual representation of the physical world, culture world and imaginary
world. Compared with GIS, VGE has two core components, which are Data and Model respectively. Many models in
VGE are complex and therefore the model calculations for them are very time consuming as well. How to decrease and
reduce the required model computation time to improve VGE efficiency will be a vital and key issue for most of the
VGE implementation. In this research, we adopt CUGrid as the model computation server, which contains more than
two hundred CPUs for fast and intensive computation. With the CUGrid, MM5 based air pollution data in Pearl River
Delta is used as the test case for this study. According to the test results, we managed to reduce the required model
computation time from the original three months on one specific desktop to several minutes on the CUGrid. Another
significance and benefit of this research is that we also able to integrate MM5 with geographic information, which
makes concepts on air pollution can easily be understood by the public.
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Lei Shen, Weixi Duan, Yingchao Ren, Peng Dong, Lei Wu, Jian Tan
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714326 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812607
With the rapid development of computer network technologies and distributed computing technologies, more and more
enterprises begin to accept and use Web GIS. As a result of the thought that traditional Web GIS has focused on system,
a number of existing Web GIS are isolated by each other, and facing the problems with data islands and function
overlaps, which results in the waste of spatial data resources, the redundant construction of spatial information service,
the difficulty of system integration and so on. All of these demands that the new generation Web GIS should focus on
users, be service-oriented and be easily integrated systems. The introduction of Portal can solve difficulties above. This
paper studies how to bring in Portal in the process of designing and developing Web GIS to solve the difficulties of
resource integration and the personalized services of users. And the author has successfully implemented a Web GIS
Portal based on JSR 168 Java Portlet Specification. The facts have proved that a Web GIS developed by Portal can
provide users with better user experience and be easily integrated with other application systems.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714327 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812608
Utility infrastructure is vital to the daily life of modern society. As the vast majority of urban utility assets are buried
underneath public roads, the need to install/repair utility assets often requires opening ground with busy traffic.
Unfortunately, at present most excavation works are carried out without knowing exactly what is where, which causes
far more street breakings than necessary. This research studies how maximum benefit can be gained from the existing
knowledge of buried assets. The key challenge here is that utility data is heterogeneous, which arises due to different
domain perceptions and varying data modelling practices. This research investigates factors which prevent utility
knowledge from being fully exploited and suggests that integration techniques can be applied for reconciling semantic
heterogeneity within the utility domain. In this paper we discuss the feasibility of a common utility ontology to describe
underground assets, and present techniques for constructing a basic utility ontology in the form of a thesaurus. The paper
also demonstrates how the utility thesaurus developed is employed as a shared ontology for mapping utility data.
Experiments have been performed to evaluate the techniques proposed, and feedback from industrial partners is
encouraging and shows that techniques work effectively with real world utility data.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714328 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812609
While the electronically available information in the World-Wide Web is explosively growing and thus increasing, the
difficulty to find relevant information is also increasing for search engine user. In this paper we discuss how to constrain
web queries geographically. A number of search queries are associated with geographical locations, either explicitly or
implicitly. Accurately and effectively detecting the locations where search queries are truly about has huge potential
impact on increasing search relevance, bringing better targeted search results, and improving search user satisfaction.
Our approach focus on both in the way geographic information is extracted from the web and, as far as we can tell, in
the way it is integrated into query processing. This paper gives an overview of a spatially aware search engine for
semantic querying of web document. It also illustrates algorithms for extracting location from web documents and query
requests using the location ontologies to encode and reason about formal semantics of geographic web search. Based on
a real-world scenario of tourism guide search, the application of our approach shows that the geographic information
retrieval can be efficiently supported.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714329 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812610
Google Earth, as one of most popular geospatial data visualization environment, has been used to augment the research
value of Earth science data at NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Service Center. The solutions of how
to use Google Earth to facilitate the sharing and interaction of geospatial data are described and summarized in this
paper first. Some of solutions are applied to two-dimensional mapped data to render the data into Google Earth via
Earth science-specific software and keyhole markup language. A 3D model based innovative method is proposed here
to visualize and display the three-dimensional atmospheric vertical profiles derived from A-Train constellation satellites
in the form of 3D orbit curtain in Google Earth. This visualization capability extends awareness and visibility of NASA
Earth science data to massive Google Earth user groups, including the general public. The availability of many scientific
results in Google Earth enables easy and convenient synergistic research, advancing collaborative and globalized
scientific research on a virtual platform.
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Pengfei Wu, Yu Fang, Bin Chen, Xi Wu, Xiaoting Tian
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812611
The grid computing technology provides the service oriented architecture for distributed applications. The virtual Grid
GIS server is the distributed and interoperable enterprise application GIS architecture running in the grid environment,
which integrates heterogeneous GIS platforms. All sorts of legacy GIS platforms join the grid as members of GIS virtual
organization. Based on Microkernel we design the ESB and portal GIS service layer, which compose Microkernel GIS.
Through web portals, portal GIS services and mediation of service bus, following the principle of SoC, we separate
business logic from implementing logic. Microkernel GIS greatly reduces the coupling degree between applications and
GIS platforms. The enterprise applications are independent of certain GIS platforms, and making the application
developers to pay attention to the business logic. Via configuration and orchestration of a set of fine-grained services, the
system creates GIS Business, which acts as a whole WebGIS request when activated. In this way, the system satisfies a
business workflow directly and simply, with little or no new code.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812613
Distributed Virtual Geographic Environment(DVGE) faces some challenges and problems including the factor of the
mass data of VGE, the band width of network, the numerous requests and economic factors, etc. These problems directly
cause the current DVGE could not provide the public with high-quality service under current network mode. Hence, this
paper brings forth a research on large-scale peer-to-peer network extension of DVGE as well as a deep study on network
framework and the routing algorithm of it. Finally, we conduct a simulation of the DVGE based on the routing algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812614
The growth of the internet makes it non-trivial to search for the accuracy information efficiently. Topical crawler, which
is aiming at a certain area, attracts more and more intention now because it can help people to find out what they need.
Furthermore, with the OpenGIS WFS (Web Feature Service) Specification developed by OGC (Open GIS Consortium),
much more geospatial data providers adopt this protocol to publish their data on the internet. In this case, a crawler
which is aiming at the WFS servers can help people to find the geospatial data from WFS servers. In this paper, we
propose a prototype system of a WFS crawler based on the OpenGIS WFS Specification. The crawler architecture,
working principles, and detailed function of each component are introduced. This crawler is capable of discovering
WFS servers dynamically, saving and updating the service contents of the servers. The data collect by the crawler can
be supported to a geospatial data search engine as its data source.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812615
Digital Earth (DE) is a virtual presentation of the planet based on geographic coordinate, and is an information system
with tremendous amount of multiple resolutions and multiple scales data as shown in multiple dimensions. Since the
exact description about DE has not completed, most experts have their own understanding of DE, so there are a lot of
various digital earth prototype system was developed, such as the Alexandria digital earth modeling system developed by
the UCSB, digital earth prototype developed by the NASA, and earth simulator developed by the Japan and so on. Each
of them has their own infrastructure and characteristics in developing process. Besides, there are still many commercial
digital earth software popularly, such as the famous Google earth, word wind, skyline, and blue link and so on. They
have the one biggest common that is all of them were based on the vast remote sensing image and represented by virtual
reality technology. But when we reviewed the current situation of digital earth research presented from the outcomes of
the International Symposium on Digital Earth four times, and investigated most of these digital earth system and
software, we found the studies on digital earth system have some shortcomings. Therefore, facing this situation, in this
paper, firstly, we will review the situation and the development of the Digital Earth research. Then, we will emphasize
on how to construct the Digital Earth Prototype and develop its system from some new perspectives by the most
prevalent techniques.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812616
Geospatial portals use Web Services to publish available geospatial data and processing services, help applications find
them and invoke services or retrieve data. OGC has developed Geospatial Portal Reference Architecture to assist to
implement a standards-based geospatially enabled portal application. The Geospatial Portal Reference Architecture is a
major for E-Government, National Spatial Data Infrastructures, enterprises and Information Communities. It enables
geoprocessing interoperability that makes it possible to exchange heterogeneous geographic information content and
share a wide variety of geospatial services over the World Wide Web. In this article, we study the Geospatial Portal
Reference Architecture. On the basis of this reference, we design and implement a geospatial portal. This article
describes the architecture of this portal, development and deployment of this portal.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812617
A real-time virtual geographic environment (VGE) can serve as interactive, intuitive visualization tools for exploring,
analyzing, synthesizing, and simulating multi dimension geo-data and complex geo-phenomena. The VGE scene can be
constructed by terrain models, building models, and natural gaseous phenomena models. This paper used a viewdependent
simplification method to improve the rendering efficiency of the VGE scene. The continuous level of detail
technique(C-LOD) algorithm was adopted to achieve high frame rates by generating an approximate view-dependent
triangulation of large terrain scene. Meanwhile image-based rendering techniques such as the imposter billboard were
used to speed up the visualization of 3D object models (e.g., 3D building, 3D trees, smoke, cloud and so on). Using the
Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China as a case area, the visualization environment was built to support real-time
rendering of larger-scale geo-scene. Experiment results prove that the scheme addressed in the paper can improve the
overall efficiency.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432G (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812618
Local Search has recently attracted much attention. And the popular architecture of Local Search is map-and-hyperlinks,
which links geo-referenced Web content to a map interface. This architecture shows that a good Local Search not only
depends on search engine techniques, but also on a perfect geocoding database. The process of building and updating a
geocoding database is laborious and time consuming so that it is usually difficult to keep up with the change of the real
world. However, the Web provides a rich resource of location related information, which would be a supplementary
information source for geocoding. Therefore, this paper introduces how to extract geographic information from Web
documents to extend a geocoding database. Our approach involves two major steps. First, geographic named entities are
identified and extracted from Web content. Then, named entities are geocoded and put into storage. By this way, we can
extend a geocoding database to provide better local Web search services.
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Junwei Zhang, Zhongliang Cai, Weifan Li, Yuntao Long
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812619
WebGIS is the technology which publishes the geographic information service through the internet; it is changing more
perfect after years with rich information, perfect user experience, which offer convenient geographic information
services to people. This paper analyzes the technology and the schema used in the WebGIS today, and puts forward a
schema which is based on oracle spatial, Ajax, JavaScript and so on. First, it uses oracle 10g to store the spatial data in
the service, which provide GEOLOC field to store the spatial information and some spatial query and analysis functions
and operators which make it easy and fast to realize spatial computation. Second it uses Ajax schema which realize
asynchronous operations between client and service, and let the user do not need to wait before the service return the
result. Third it uses the tile method that the large map is sliced up into many tiles and stored in the server. When the user
visits the site, it just needs to download the several small tiles to visualize. Last, in the client, many operations such as
pan, zoom and so on are realized based on the pure JavaScript. This schema solves the big data transmission through the
internet, which reduce the response time when people visit the site and improve the users' experience.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432I (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812621
This paper presents a spatial data model used for modeling geospatial data in virtual geographical environment. Most
traditional spatial data modeling approach in geographical information system abstracts physical world with spatial entity
and relationship between each other, put emphases on representing spatial feature and their topologies, whilst virtual
reality system focus on capacity of keeping vivid rendering, i.e. high fidelity. Taking into account both topological
characteristic of spatial data model in GIS and spaghetti characteristic of in VR, We introduce here an integrated spatial
data model which could represent both topological and non-topological spatial data and underpin both various spatial
analysis functions and real-time rending visualization effectively. This object-oriented method model topological feature
separately from geometrical data and links them by a couple link, by which user can access different aspect of spatial
data in specific application context. A virtual geographical scene management framework based on above spatial data
model is introduced at the last.
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Mei Li, Jingzhu Chen, Wei Xiong, Pengpeng Zhang, Daozheng Wu
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432J (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812622
VR technologies, which generate immersive, interactive, and three-dimensional (3D) environments, are seldom applied
to coal mine safety work management. In this paper, a new method that combined the VR technologies with
underground mine safety management system was explored. A desktop virtual safety management program for
underground coal mine, called VRLane, was developed. The paper mainly concerned about the current research advance
in VR, system design, key techniques and system application. Two important techniques were introduced in the paper.
Firstly, an algorithm was designed and implemented, with which the 3D laneway models and equipment models can be
built on the basis of the latest mine 2D drawings automatically, whereas common VR programs established 3D
environment by using 3DS Max or the other 3D modeling software packages with which laneway models were built
manually and laboriously. Secondly, VRLane realized system integration with underground industrial automation.
VRLane not only described a realistic 3D laneway environment, but also described the status of the coal mining, with
functions of displaying the run states and related parameters of equipment, per-alarming the abnormal mining events,
and animating mine cars, mine workers, or long-wall shearers. The system, with advantages of cheap, dynamic, easy to
maintenance, provided a useful tool for safety production management in coal mine.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812623
According to land spatial data sharing demands, study the relation for special data transmission velocity on-line and data
quantity by experiments in this contribution. It has educed some valuable conclusions through analysed the result of
experimentation of the on-line land spatial data piecemeal transmission experiment. When transmission's block data
size of the land spatial data is in the 1MB scope, the each time transmission's speed time is the shortest when the block
data size is 8KB.Certainly,the transmission's speed time is Not too discrepancy when each time the transmission's block
data size is between 4KB and 32KB. When transmits the land spatial data size between 1MB and 200MB, the block
data size which waste the least transmission time is 32KB. When transmits the land spatial data size around 350MB,
the block data size which waste the least transmission time is 512KB.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812624
This article in view of the Logistic Delivery Management characteristic, analysis the logistic delivery management
cannot satisfy requests rapid reaction and conformity transportation at present and so on. This article elaborated based on
3G (GIS, GPS, and GPRS) and RFID technology logistic delivery contents and so on management system, system
design and architecture design, and its effective integration. The system design mentality uses the systems engineering
method, follows the humanist idea, and embarks from user's demand, according to the user demand and the network
request, divides according to the laminated structure into the decision-making strata, the service level, the management
maintenance level and the technical support level 4 levels. The overall structural design including the system function
structural design and the software system design, and take some province logistic delivery management system in
management service as an example, introduced the design mentality and the application way.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432M (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812625
Advances in wireless transmission and mobile technology applied to LBS (Location-based Services) flood us with
amounts of moving objects data. Vast amounts of gathered data from position sensors of mobile phones, PDAs, or
vehicles hide interesting and valuable knowledge and describe the behavior of moving objects. The correlation between
temporal moving patterns of moving objects and geo-feature spatio-temporal attribute was ignored, and the value of
spatio-temporal trajectory data was not fully exploited too. Urban expanding or frequent town plan change bring about a
large amount of outdated or imprecise data in spatial database of LBS, and they cannot be updated timely and efficiently
by manual processing. In this paper we introduce a data mining approach to movement pattern extraction of moving
objects, build a model to describe the relationship between movement patterns of LBS mobile objects and their
environment, and put up with a spatio-temporal database update strategy in LBS database based on trajectories spatiotemporal
mining. Experimental evaluation reveals excellent performance of the proposed model and strategy. Our
original contribution include formulation of model of interaction between trajectory and its environment, design of
spatio-temporal database update strategy based on moving objects data mining, and the experimental application of
spatio-temporal database update by mining moving objects trajectories.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812626
City environment assessment based on cyber-infrastructure includes the activities of information exchange, information
system collaboration and service integration among multiple departments. The method of adaptive service workflow
(ASW) for geospatial collaborative system is proposed. With considering of the service quality and optimization
algorithm, the virtual workflow (VW) and optimized selection of service (OSS) model are given for the selection of the
best service in distributed computing environment. An application example of city environment assessment for poison
gas diffusion is developed with the information collaboration between weather bureau, city construct department and
environmental department, and the experiment result of diffusion plume is visualized and overlapped with base map on
Web client.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432O (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812627
This paper discusses how to apply the mobile GIS technology to the common special equipment inspection business to
meet the requirements of efficient management. The concepts of "special equipment" and "mobile GIS" are introduced
at beginning. Then we analyze the business background and the present technique research; put forward a mobile GIS
solution apply to special equipment inspection. A Special Equipment Inspection System is designed independently. The
system architecture and database structure are discussed in detail. In the mobile environment, three key technologies are
especially discussed in the paper, such as the interface design adapt to PDA device, data alternate mechanism and other
embedded development attentions. The system has been used in Hangzhou Bureau of Quality and Technical
Supervision for special equipment management, and gotten good result. So the requirements of scientifically manage the
special equipment and establish e-government are completed met.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812629
Aiming at the requirement from the real-time land inspection domain, a land inspection handset system was presented in
this paper. In order to increase the reusability of the system, a design pattern based framework was presented.
Encapsulation for command like actions by applying COMMAND pattern was proposed for the problem of complex UI
interactions. Integrating several GPS-log parsing engines into a general parsing framework was archived by introducing
STRATEGY pattern. A network transmission module based network middleware was constructed. For mitigating the
high coupling of complex network communication programs, FACTORY pattern was applied to facilitate the
decoupling. Moreover, in order to efficiently manipulate huge GIS datasets, a VISITOR pattern and Quad-tree based
multi-scale representation method was presented. It had been proved practically that these design patterns reduced the
coupling between the subsystems, and improved the expansibility.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432Q (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812630
With the rapid development of LBS system in recent years, the existed communication and cognition model cannot
describe its features entirely. After the analysis of the features of the LBS system, aiming at the limitations of existed
communication and cognition theory, this paper proposes the spatial information communication model in LBS system
and the cognition model of LBS subscribers.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812631
Traditional GIS (Geographic Information System) software development mode exposes many defects that will largely
slow down the city informational progress. It is urgent need to build a common application infrastructure for
informational project to speed up the development pace of digital city. The advent of service-oriented architecture (SOA)
has motivated the adoption of GIS functionality portals that can be executed in distributed computing environment.
According to the SOA principle, we bring forward and design a digital city geographic information common services
platform which provides application development service interfaces for field users that can be further extended relevant
business application. In the end, a public-oriented Web GIS is developed based on the platform for helping public users
to query geographic information in their daily life. It indicates that our platform have the capacity that can be integrated
by other applications conveniently.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432S (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812632
Now most of the spatial information service applications still adopt the centralized pattern, which brings the network
congestion or single point of failure to the side of center server. But the P2P technique takes away the bottleneck in data
transmission exists in traditional C/S model by virtue of its multilink self-adaptive mechanism of the data transmission,
which has a magnitude meaning for researches on the spatial information service delivering. As the spatial data has the
characteristic of the massive volumes and client change the interesting spatial area so frequently that the spatial
application efficiency is sharply decreased, the author brought forward a layered P2P architecture of the spatial data
interoperation and flexible group mode in P2P network. A mechanism of the layered query queue of the oriented
association and the self-adapted cache mode were introduced to adjust the peer loading and the link numbers for the
reliable data capture. In this way, we can provide the each peer the rapid data transmission speed, the great data
transmission reliability and the better user experience. A prototype was developed and it proved the efficiency of this
P2P spatial information service framework. At last the futures of involved techniques and methods are concluded.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812633
With the development of LBS, mobile map should adaptively satisfy the cognitive requirement of user. User cognition
in mobile environment is much more objective oriented and also seem to be a heavier burden than the user in static
environment. The holistic idea and methods of map generalization can not fully suitable for the mobile map. This paper
took the building simplification in habitation generalization as example, analyzed the characteristic of user cognition in
mobile environment and the basic rules of building simplification, collected and studied the state-of-the-art of
algorithms of building simplification in the static and mobile environment, put forward the idea of hierarchical building
simplification based on user cognition. This paper took Hunan road business district of Nanjing as test area and took the
building data with shapfile format of ESRI as test data and realized the simplification algorithm. The method took user
as center, calculated the distance between user and the building which will be simplified and took the distance as the
basis for choosing different simplification algorithm for different spaces. This contribution aimed to hierarchically
present the building in different level of detail by real-time simplification.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432U (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812634
In order to decrease the workload of code development, and to support the reuse of common functions and customization
of personal functions, the paper proposes custom-built generation platform of GIS application software based on
metadata. The platform divides the GIS application software into three parts: user interface, business logic and functional
model. The three parts are loosely coupled based on metadata. The design of multi-layers loosely coupling indicates the
system flexibility. It allows users to customize user interface, function and data to meet their personal demands. The
platform locates resources rapidly based on metadata, and then customizes the GIS application software including basic
GIS functions, personal user interface and flexible data. For validating the platform, the urban geologic survey
information system is generated by the platform as a test. The result shows that the platform achieves the hot-plug of
extensional components by modifying metadata and provides good reuse of GIS functions. Further more, it hides the
diversity of GIS components. It simplifies the development of GIS application software and improves the efficiency of
development.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432V (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812635
With the development of mobile technologies and the integration with the spatial information technologies, it becomes
possible to provide a potential to develop new techno-support solutions to Epidemiological Field Investigation especially
for the disposal of emergent public health events. Based on mobile technologies and virtual geographic environment, the
authors have designed a model for collaborative work in four communication patterns, namely, S2S (Static to Static),
M2S (Mobile to Static), S2M (Static to Mobile), and M2M (Mobile to Mobile). Based on the model mentioned above,
this paper stresses to explore mobile online mapping regarding mobile collaboration and conducts an experimental case
study of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) fieldwork, and then develops a prototype system of emergent
response disposition information system to test the effectiveness and usefulness of field survey based on mobile
collaboration.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432W (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812636
The wireless communication technology and space technology are synchronously developed in recent years, which bring
up the development of location based service (LBS). At present, many location technology methods were developed.
However, all these methods can only provide a relative poor location precision and depend on high cost. The technology
of Virtual Reference Station (VRS) of GPS is then involved in this paper. One of the objective in this paper is aim to
give the LBS position structure to improve the mobile location position when a mobile position instrument is connected
with VRS network. The cheaper GPS built-in Personal Designer Aid (PDA) is then used to achieve a higher precision by
using RTCM data from existing VRS network. In order to obtain a high precision position when using the low-cost GPS
receiver as a rover, the infrusture of the mobile differential correction system is then put forward. According to network
transportation of RTCM via internet protocol (NTRIP), the message is communicated through wireless network, such as
GPRS, CDMA and so on. The rough coordinate information is sent to VRS control center continuously, and then the
VRS correction information is replied to rover in the data format of RTCM3.1. So the position will be updated based on
mathematic solution after the decoding of RTCM3.1 data. The thought of LBS position can improve the precision, and
can speed the LBS.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432X (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812637
Limited by the characters of GIS vector data, such as variety and complexity of expression, universality, mass, disorder
and pretty good privacy, etc., the traditional copyright protection methods for image and audio productions cannot be
applied into GIS vector data productions directly. In this paper, a solution to copyright protection of GIS vector data
productions is proposed. Firstly, information characteristics, data organization and storage characteristics and attack
characteristics of GIS vector data are comprehensively analyzed. Secondly, based on hash, file filter driver, dynamic
encryption and decryption, the key techniques including zero-watermarking generation, access control, and data content
protection are described. Finally, a copyright protection frame of GIS vector data is put forward.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432Y (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812638
Web services and web service composition technology have become the primary methods to realize geospatial
information sharing and interoperability. There are various integration models and many specifications for web services
composition, BPEL4WS is the most typical and prevailing one. But BPEL4WS is IT-oriented, the syntax structure is
complicated, a well understanding to XML specifications and web services specifications is demanded, the way to
describe processes and define activities in BPEL4WS are different from ways in certain domain, service contracts need
early binding before the process instance execution. For above reasons, BPEL4WS is not suit for geospatial processing
process's visual modeling. In this paper, an abstract geospatial service chain model based on data-dependent relationship
is designed. A mapping algorithm is also proposed for translating the abstract service chain model into BPEL4WS form.
So geospatial experts who are not web services experts can intuitively modeling service chain, translate the model into
BPEL4WS style and execute it using BPEL4WS engine. Based on these researches, a geospatial web service chain
visual modeling platform prototype is built, aiming to meet modeling demand of geospatial domain experts and common
users.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71432Z (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812639
Geographic information generalization is a necessary means for scale transform of geometric and attributive
information of the geographic spatial object sets under the GIS environment. This transformation relates to the
complicated spatial and attributive relations within one geographic object, among different objects or elements rather
than an isolated or single-elemental object. Thus, one of the ways to solve the conflicts among objects in the
generalization is to adopt the strategy which is called he multi-elemental cooperative generalization (MECG), viz. to
take the objects of different geographic elements into account. This paper mainly emphasizes the constrained relations
(including spatial relation and structural relation) among different elements in generalization process. In this paper, a
"from-above-to-below" concept model of multi-elemental cooperative generalization for some geographic elements is
also discussed.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714330 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812641
Although spatial objects of our world have an intrinsic three dimensional (3D) natures, 3D data modeling and 3D data
management have so far been neglected in spatial database systems and Geographical Information Systems, which map
geometric data mainly to two-dimensional abstractions. But increasingly the third dimension becomes more and more
relevant for application domains. Large volumes of 3D data require a treatment in a database context for representing,
querying, and manipulating them efficiently. After detailed researching on the mechanism of Modeling of the Geology
Body, a new compositive data model is brought forward based on the joining of set theory (for short ST) and Unparallel
Analogical Triangular Prisms (for short UATP). Spatial entity is decomposed into five fundamental kinds of data types
in this model, including 3D point (3DP), 3D line (3DL), 3D sample surface (3DSS), 3D surface (3DS), and 3D volume
(3DV). Meanwhile, nine data structures concerned are put forward, including node, TIN edge, side edge, arc edge, TIN
surface, sample surface, quadrangle, UATP, and 3DSVC. Based on this, system of modeling and simulation for spatial
entity are designed. Fault and mining roadway are presented as examples. This paper aims at investigating the complex
inherent features of 3D data and presents an abstract, formal data model called ST (Set Theory). The data model
comprises a set of three-dimensional spatial data types together with a collection of geometric set operations. The result
shows that the data model based on set theory and UATP can improve speed and accuracy degree during process
modeling. So, the main point in this paper is reconstruction of 3D Geological models, other question, such as:
topological relations, data volumes as a key question for further study.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714331 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812642
Three dimensional (3D) construction and visualization has become an integral part in many GIS and their applications.
This paper examines how 3D visualization systems can be used with and integrated into GIS. We analyze several key
characteristics visualization techniques should satisfy in order to be used efficiently by GIS, and show how GIS can
provide visualization and animation features for geo objects by embedding the visualization system. The approach for
the construction and visualization of complicated mining engineering environment implemented in the system is
described in detail. Aspects like presentations of multidimensional data with spatial dependence, navigation in the
geographical frame of reference and in time, interaction techniques are presented. Real data derived from an iron mine of
China demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the system.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714332 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812643
This paper presents a method of building feature generalization through boundary division and line approximation
according to Least Squares Adjustment theory. How to detect a point set and divide the segments is investigated in detail
in the paper. Based on the Least Squares Adjustment theory with constraint conditions, the paper offers a model of
rectangularity of building-polygon on condition that the sum of the squares of displacement distances of all points is
minimum. These solutions have been realized in a software GenTool, which is an interactive map generalization
software in real applications.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714333 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812644
A global multi-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a feasible solution for its visualization and management
remains a challenging vision. In this paper a multi-resolution DEM based on the ellipsoidal triangular meshes is made to
approximate to the earth surface. It was built through quaternary triangular mesh (QTM) hierarchical tessellation of the
ellipsoidal surface. In order to achieve fast access, we organize the global DEM data as a hierarchy of Diamonds and
indexing them based on the linear quadtree. Furthermore, a LOD is built through recursive subdivision of each
Diamond, and an approach of viewpoints-based data extraction based on the neighbor-Diamond searching from the
global DEM data is implemented for visualization. All this is backed with an implementation of a prototype computer
system.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714334 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812645
Nowadays, the namely 3D GIS technologies become a key factor in establishing and maintaining large-scale 3D geoinformation
services. However, with the rapidly increasing size and complexity of the 3D models being acquired, a
pressing needed for suitable data management solutions has become apparent. This paper outlines that storage and
exchange of geospatial data between databases and different front ends like 3D models, GIS or internet browsers require
a standardized format which is capable to represent instances of 3D GIS models, to minimize loss of information during
data transfer and to reduce interface development efforts. After a review of previous methods for spatial 3D data
management, a universal lightweight XML-based format for quick and easy sharing of 3D GIS data is presented. 3D data
management based on XML is a solution meeting the requirements as stated, which can provide an efficient means for
opening a new standard way to create an arbitrary data structure and share it over the Internet. To manage reality-based
3D models, this paper uses 3DXML produced by Dassault Systemes. 3DXML uses opening XML schemas to
communicate product geometry, structure and graphical display properties. It can be read, written and enriched by
standard tools; and allows users to add extensions based on their own specific requirements. The paper concludes with
the presentation of projects from application areas which will benefit from the functionality presented above.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714335 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812646
This paper addresses the nature of events in 3D building models. Events are characterized by their structures, tenses and
temporal attributes. They can be also distinguished in different types in terms of changes in geometries, attributes and
textures. There are up to 13 temporal topologic relationships between two arbitrary events of different lifespan. These
relationships may change with varying temporal resolutions. On the basis of the inherent dependence that exists between
the spatial and temporal resolutions, a mathematical model is established to describe the relative significance of an event
that occurs to geometries or façade textures. Since 3D buildings are the most important object type that characterizes the
dynamic nature of a city, the investigations on their events can serve as a conceptual basis for modeling, acquisition,
visualization and retrieval of a 4D virtual city environment.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714336 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812647
Conceptual modeling is one of the most vital aspects of digital map generalization study, but at the same time it is
probably the least understood. The relationship between spatial data generalization in GIS and map generalization is very
close. However, distinctions exist at the same time. Based on analysis of massive references, the interrelationship of
multi-scale, manual map generalization, digital map generalization, geographic database, cartographic database and
conceptual modeling are discussed. This paper proposes and tests a simple conceptual modeling for spatial data
generalization in GIS.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714337 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812648
A Three-Level Information Architecture containing Syntactic Information, Semantic Information and Pragmatic
Information is put forward in Comprehensive Information Theory (CIT). From this point of view, spatial data analysis is
in cooperation with semantic information and Spatial Data Preprocessing (SDP) is corresponding to syntactic
information. However, in many practical applications, SDP based only on syntactic information can not get a good
effect. Semantics-based preprocessing may be an effective scheme. RS images mosaic is a typical SDP where optimal
mosaic line extraction is the crux. Lots of researches based on syntactic information are effective just for orthophoto
maps. In this paper, an overall optimal mosaic line extraction scheme has been addressed for non-Ortho RS images. It is
argued that there is no projection error in the projection datum fitted by Ground Control Points (GCPs), or regional main
height surface which can be recognized in medium resolution RS images. Based on above reasons, the method suggests
that GCPs collecting for precise geometrical correction should be on the main height surface, as well as the mosaic line
extracting for RS images mosaic. Three sheets of CBERS CCD images of Taiyuan are taken as the experimental data.
According to the afore-mentioned method, by collecting GCPs in wide riverbeds, all three sheets are rectified to an
existing ETM+ mosaic image. And then, the central lines of wide riverbeds in the overlapping areas are extracted as the
mosaic line. The experimental result indicates that this method can extract an overall optimal mosaic line and eliminate
the visual texture seam-line effectively, even for non-Ortho RS images. It concludes that SDP based on semantic
information can play a good role in spatial data applications.
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Gang Liu, Chonglong Wu, Kunqi Liu, Xing Li, Qiang Qi
Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714338 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812649
Traditional environment of spatial data visualization and map design was oriented to idiographic geometric shapes and
users were over limited to some details. Its disadvantages mainly are: (1) visualization model is not flexible and fully
user-oriented; (2) the whole process of visualization scheme cannot be supported; (3) system cannot support rapid
modification and effectively reuse of former results. The theory and method of Parametric Design was proposed in this
paper to get a new solution. System constraint model of geosciences maps was set up, and the constraints were classified
into four main types which are geometric constraint, structure topological constraint, standard constraint and attribute
constraint. Based on the synthetic analysis and comparison of various constraint solving algorithms, the geometric
constraint solving method based on graphics theory was introduced. And the system structure of parametric design
system with one platform and five layers, and relative system function model were put forward. Case studies of some
typical graphics designs were discussed. The result indicates that parametric design method can play an important role in
representation of user's idea, interactive design of map structure and building the flexible graphics generation
environment.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 714339 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812650
"Magnifier" is a multi-scale display form of electronic map which can display more important areas with more details
and less important areas with fewer details. In order to implement magnifier, different part of the screen must display
data of different scale, so mathematical basis, data organizing, display management all have to be improved. This paper
discusses the implementation of magnifier on the aspects mentioned above and does some experiments.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812651
In order to ascertain appropriate data quantity in terrain visualization for some certain computers, the relationship model
of FPS and data quantity has been put forward in this paper. Regarding the model, the time of a whole terrain
visualization cycle is divided into two parts: data unrelated time and data related time. Based on the relationship model, a
data optimization algorithm is developed, and the influences of timer error and data reading error are considered in terms
of the algorithm. The algorithm is tested in a terrain visualization system developed with C++, FLTK and OpenGL. The
results of experiment shows that the algorithm can evaluate and quantify computer's visualization performance, and
calculate the precise triangle amount quickly, thus the rendering rate of terrain visualization system can be controlled
accurately.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812652
Visibility analysis in virtual geographic environment has broad applications in many aspects in social life. But in
practical use it is urged to improve the efficiency and accuracy, as well as to consider human vision restriction. The
paper firstly introduces a high-efficient 3D data modeling method, which generates and organizes 3D data model using
R-tree and LOD techniques. Then a new visibility algorithm which can realize real-time viewshed calculation
considering the shelter of DEM and 3D building models and some restrictions of human eye to the viewshed generation.
Finally an experiment is conducted to prove the visibility analysis calculation quickly and accurately which can meet the
demand of digital city applications.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812654
An approach to describe 3D urban form is proposed in this study. Central part of Nanjing is taken as study site.Firstly,
quantitative attributes are proposed from urban geometry and its function, and they are compactness, elevation range,
volume expansibility, diversity, dominance. Then, all the attributes are derived and spatial distributions are analyzed to
reveal relationship between attributes and some geographical features. The result shows that the above five attributes
closely correlate with land use; especially compactness, diversity and dominance reflect the feature of building
configuration. Finally, a multi-spectrum image is produced by the optimal combination of attributes to classify urban
form. The result shows that different blocks of different land use can be distinguished. This research reveals the spatial
distribution of urban form properties and their relationships between some geographical features. This quantification
analysis of #d urban form is a new way to study urban form from three-dimensional aspect.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812655
The implementation of 3 dimensions spatial operations, based on certain data structure, has a lack of universality and is
not able to treat with non-manifold cases, at present. ISO/DIS 19107 standard just presents the definition of Boolean
operators and set operators for topological relationship query, and OGC GeoXACML gives formal definitions for several
set functions without implementation detail. Aiming at these problems, based mathematical foundation on cell complex
theory, supported by non-manifold data structure and using relevant research in the field of non-manifold geometry
modeling for reference, firstly, this paper according to non-manifold Euler-Poincaré formula constructs 6 extended Euler
operators and inverse operators to carry out creating, updating and deleting 3D spatial elements, as well as several pairs
of supplementary Euler operators to convenient for implementing advanced functions. Secondly, we change topological
element operation sequence of Boolean operation and set operation as well as set functions defined in GeoXACML into
combination of extended Euler operators, which separates the upper functions and lower data structure. Lastly, we
develop underground 3D GIS prototype system, in which practicability and credibility of extended Euler operators faced
to 3D GIS presented by this paper are validated.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812656
The buildings in modern city are complex and diverse, and the quantity is huge. These bring very big challenge for
constructing 3D GIS under network circumstance and eventually realizing the Digital Earth. After analyzed the
characteristic of network service about massive 3D urban building model data, this paper focuses on the organization
and management of spatial data and the network services strategy, proposes a progressive network transmission schema
based on the spatial resolution and the component elements of 3D building model data. Next, this paper put forward
multistage-link three-dimensional spatial data organization model and encoding method of spatial index based on fully
level quadtree structure. Then, a virtual earth platform, called GeoGlobe, was developed using above theory.
Experimental results show that above 3D spatial data management model and service theory can availably provide
network services for large-scale 3D urban model data. The application results and user experience good .
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812657
Rendering and broadcasting the large scale terrain on internet is a hot and challenging topic in the Computer Graphics
research field. In order to get the ideal terrain rendering, some experts have put forward a couple of good solutions for
Level of Detail (LOD) which effectively reduces the quantity of the presented triangles, including the quad-tree
algorithm on which this paper is based. Rather than the quad-tree algorithm itself which has been discussed a lot, this
paper has elaborated a series of methods used in developing this algorithm during the process of rendering and
broadcasting large scale terrain. In this paper, we have discussed these methods in the following sequence: first terrain
data preprocessing, then rendering and last broadcasting, in which order the practice will also follow. It has been proved
that these methods are quite effective according to the success of the "Remote Forest Monitoring System," which is
based on them.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433G (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812658
The construction of large-scale three-dimension city models faces the problem that the data is too huge, the mission is
too heavy, and the development cycle is too long. Facing so many types of buildings and other city objects, it is very
difficult to finish the Construction of 3D city models quickly and efficiently using only one technical method. How to
operate the construction of large-scale 3D city model based on multi-source data quickly and efficiently is a hot issue in
current researches. This paper proposes the method of constructing large-scale urban three-dimension landscape and
creating virtual reality by using Skyline, a powerful software of 3DGIS, which is based on two source data, RS image
and DWG. It also gives a detailed illustration on the key problems related to the construction during the course of
construction, such as modeling of the particular object, texture projection, etc.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812660
As the theory and application requirement of 3d GIS are developing dramatically, 3D geological simulation is not only
limited in the capability of visualizing spatial objects, and it has a deeper demand on three dimensions spatial analysis
for geographic objects or phenomenon. Therefore, a lot of visualized analysis functions for practical projects are
proposed by researchers. However, these researches usually come up with corresponding algorithms based on certain
data model or data structure which is without a powerful portability. And the algorithms are often limited to specific
requirement which has little expansibility. To solve this problem, a new 3D GIS data model for 3D geological
simulation is advanced based on cell complex theory and correlative research results in the field of non-manifold
geometric modeling. And a series of 3D set operators are defined to carry out virtual drilling, virtual cutting, virtual
digging and virtual tunnel excavation analysis and so on. Compared with existing implementations, the new presented
3D GIS data model unifies the expression of wire frame, facial and volumetric model, which ensures the portability of
algorithm. Set operators based on non-manifold geometric modeling possessing mathematical completeness have the
ability to implement arbitrary geometric object operation, which can insure the expansibility of the algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433I (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812661
This article has analyzed three-dimensional city building modeling demand based on photogrammetry and the
photogrammetric method in the building's three-dimensional reconstruction and the three-dimensional urban building
data updating aspect superiority. It has also discussed three-dimensional urban building modeling method, the workflow
and the technology based on the photogrammetry, and finally achieved high accuracy in three-dimensional
reconstruction of both wide range city buildings and a single complex building.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433J (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812662
With the development of 3DGIS and virtual geographic environments, it is important and necessary to represent terrain
in a more vivid form but keep geographic information precise too. At present, there is less study on the 3D representation
of micro-landform in comparison with large scale 3D modeling of terrain. Regarding the building of a simulation
environment that reflects the real situation of the Loess Plateau, it's necessary to consider the features of microlandform.
This paper aims to explore the way of building 3D model of terrace in the Loess Plateau, which is a typical
landscape in the region. According to the characteristics of terrace, level terrace, the most common type, is considered as
a modeling object and a new method of feature based TIN (Triangular Irregular Network) modeling is put forward. Two
key techniques regarding the method are terraces' feature extracting and the obtaining of object's elevation of points in
each feature line to make TIN interpolation.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812663
The developments of three dimensional pipelines are mainly on the COM component of GIS software, three dimensional
visualization library and client-sever software architectures. These methods are still not sufficient in supporting remote
management of 3D pipelines, because the client and the server involved in the process may require two-way
communication frequently as well as modeling results visualization intuitively. In this paper we proposed a solution to 3D
pipeline management system, which provides convenience of operation, exactness of position and rapidness of update for
the pipelines in the web context. We realized web-based interactive visualization for 3D pipelines using AJAX and X3D.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812664
The geographical information system (GIS) has provided the effective tools to capture, store, manage, analyze and
express the spatial information. Gradually, the research region has included the dynamical mechanism and the spatialtime
characteristics of the geography process, transmission mechanisms, uncertainty (multi-solutions), predictability,
and so on. Corresponding, GIS modeling is one of hotspots of current GIS research. The paper is the embodiment of
GIS modeling methods applied to geo-simulation research. Also it provides the model support for the management of
the ground water resources. In this paper, the methods for constructing the ground-water conceptual model through 3D
stratum model are discussed. Firstly, the constructing method of delaunay triangulation with constraint conditions is
proposed, which is suitable to the ground-water flow simulation. Then stratum (or aquifer) multi-DEMs are completed.
Based on the multi-DEMs, the Su-Xi-Chan hydrogeological conceptual model is reconstructed by irregular Tri-prism. In
order to prevent dispersed irregular tri-prism voxels from disunity, the spatial index mechanism is established for
groundwater model. Finally, the 3D groundwater simulation model is integrated with GIS, which can provide data for
3D numerical simulation. The results indicate that the integration of 3D GIS and geo-analysis model be convenient and
can accelerate process simulation of geo-science.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433M (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812665
What we are now facing is the dilemma when we try to integrate Digital Cartographic Model (DCM), which is symboloriented
model, and Digital Landscape Model (DLM), which is the geographical entity and topology oriented model.
Basic theory of map modeling method of geographical data is researched. A new type of digital map data model is raised
out and designed, including four levels as conceptual, logical, and physical model to satisfy visualization and spatial
analysis at the same time. The formation of the digital map logic model relies on abstracting and summarizing the world
by means of the object-oriented method, putting forward the conceptual model of the object-oriented digital map
according to the OGC abstract norm, dwelling on all the kinds of objects in the model and logical design in which spatial
data, attribute data, symbols, and topology are all stored in relational database, in form of various but inter-linked
relational tabulations as point, line, area, label, symbol, etc. And meanwhile, the author develops the data-modeling tool
which turns the storage of the digital map in the relational database management system into realities, thus realizes
digital map storage and manages in Microsoft SQL Server.
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Proceedings Volume Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments, 71433N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812666
This paper proposes a selection model based on LOD to aid the display of electronic map. The ratio of display scale to
map scale is regarded as a LOD operator. The categorization rule, classification rule, elementary rule and spatial
geometry character rule of LOD operator setting are also concluded.
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