Non-radiative recombination loss (Eloss,nr or ΔE3) suppression and performance boosting are in the center of OSCs research. Herein, we developed a novel non-monotonic intermediate state manipulation (NM-ISM) strategy for state-of-the-art NFA OSCs by employing 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) as crystallization regulator, which optimizes the film crystallization process, regulates the self-organization of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) in a non-monotonic manner, i.e., first enhancing and then relaxing the molecular aggregation. As a result, we have achieved efficient OSCs with reduced Eloss,nr. In PM6:BTP-eC9 OSC system, the ISM strategy successfully offers a record binary OSC PCE of 19.31% (18.93% certified) with very low Eloss,nr of 0.190 eV.
Nature Communicaitons, in press
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