Glioblastoma is a brain cancer with a five-year survival rate of <5%. MRI and surgical biopsy are typically used to verify the malignancy of a brain tumor, but diagnosis of the aggressive glioblastoma usually occurs at stage IV. Once diagnosed, patients often undergo surgical tumor resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation, which ultimately end in palliative care. There is a current need for a novel theranostic method that allows for early detection and treatment of glioblastoma. Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have been investigated as dual photothermal ablation/photoacoustic imaging agents. Still, due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), their use in glioblastoma theranostics is limited. To overcome this, we have developed a way to coat PBNPs with a U-87 extracellular vesicle (EV) layer to allow for increased accumulation within glioblastoma tumors due to EV’s innate passage through the BBB.
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