Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane have been shown to have different neurotoxic effects. However, the underlying mechanism at the single molecular level remains unknown. Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane can differently induce mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP synthase is the critical component of mitochondrial function. We, therefore, set out to assess whether different anesthetics can selectively impair the interaction of ADP and ATP synthase at a single molecular level. We also employed Nano needle platform measured Tau at threonine 217 (Tau-PT217) and 181 (Tau-PT181) as newly identified blood biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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