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We have developed an apparatus for fast and non-contact assessment of photoacoustic signals from tissue-simulating media. The apparatus was based on electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), which in our case featured a Mach- Zehnder interferometer, a 532-nm probe laser, and a double exposure CMOS camera to record the holographic speckles that originated from the surface of a tissue-mimicking phantom. The double exposure camera enabled high speed recording of the speckle patterns at MHz timescales. The speckle patterns were reconstructed into phase and out-of-plane displacement maps of the phantom surface. Experiments were performed with an agarose phantom that contained a 1 cm diameter embedded spherical absorber 2 cm below the detection surface. Exposure of the phantom to a pulsed laser at 1064 nm resulted in photoacoustic waves from the absorber that were detectable at the surface of the phantom. Repeated laser exposure with increasing delay times between the two camera exposures enabled spatial-temporal sampling of the displacement maps. The results show the apparatus could identify the position and size of the photoacoustic source relative to the detection surface. Future work will investigate reconstruction of photoacoustic images from the recorded displacement maps.
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Hui Wang, Mamadou Diop, Jeffrey J. L. Carson, "Double exposure ESPI for non-contact photoacoustic tomography," Proc. SPIE 12574, Holography: Advances and Modern Trends VIII, 1257411 (31 May 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665758