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Micro-hyperspectral technology combines hyperspectral imaging and microscopic imaging technology to obtain the spatial and spectral information of samples simultaneously. Because of its rapidity and nondestructive character, micro-hyperspectral technology has shown immense potential in the biomedical field. In this study, we employed self-assembled micro-hyperspectral imaging (MHSI) system to image A549 cells (human non-small cell lung cancer), introducing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the contrast agents to increase the image signal-to-noise ratio. The result shows that spectrum information distinguishes the optical absorption capabilities of nanoparticles from that of other sources in the cellular environment. Currently, given the experimental restrictions, AuNPs cannot be observed directly, but the location of gold nanoparticles can be identified by the specific spectrum. To analyze hyperspectral three-dimensional cell images and quantitatively analyze the submicroscopic structure of lung cancer cells, the space-spectral feature fusion algorithm is utilized. According to the preliminary results, micro-hyperspectral imaging technology highlights the potential application for subcellular diagnosis, but the image segmentation of cells without contrast agents yields erroneously classified results; the outcomes of cell segmentation for A549 cells' uptake of AuNPs indicate that the cellular structure is distinct. However, there are still misclassifications since AuNPs lack a specialized targeting function. Taking into consideration the current challenges, our next objective is to execute surface modification on AuNPs as probes to target particular sections of living cells to improve the resolution of cell submicroscopic structure imaging. In conclusion, MHSI technology can effectively characterize the submicroscopic structure of cells and show a wide range of potential bioimaging applications.
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