The basics for investigating histological brain tissue sections using polarization and differential Mueller matrix microscopy are provided. The structural and logical scheme, design, and examples of results for the Stokes polarimetric mapping technique of microscopic images of deceased brain tissue sections are presented, where orientation (OP) and phase (FP) parameters are determined. Furthermore, the structural and logical scheme, design, and examples of results for the azimuthally-invariant Mueller matrix mapping technique of histological brain tissue sections from deceased individuals are presented, where optical activity (MMI OA) and linear dichroism (MMI LD) maps are determined.
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