Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace vapors with fiber-attached photonic integrated circuits

Nathan F. Tyndall; Erik D. Emmons; Marcel W. Pruessner; Jordan N. Butt; Kyle J. Walsh; Kevin C. Hung; Erik S. Roese; Phillip G. Wilcox; Jason A. Guicheteau; Benjamin L. Miller; R. Andrew McGill; Todd H. Stievater

doi:10.1117/12.3012880

7 June 2024 Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace vapors with fiber-attached photonic integrated circuits

Nathan F. Tyndall, Erik D. Emmons, Marcel W. Pruessner, Jordan N. Butt, Kyle J. Walsh, Kevin C. Hung, Erik S. Roese, Phillip G. Wilcox, Jason A. Guicheteau, Benjamin L. Miller, R. Andrew McGill, Todd H. Stievater

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 13056, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXV; 1305608 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012880
Event: SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2024, National Harbor, Maryland, United States

Abstract

Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) efficiently collects Stokes-shifted scattering from target molecules in the evanescent field surrounding nanophotonic waveguides. By using a sorbent material as a top cladding, vapor phase analytes can be detected and identified at ambient densities as low as a few parts-per-billion. Previous demonstrations of vapor-phase WERS have used free-space optical components, such as microscope objectives and bulk Raman filters, to couple and filter light to and from the sorbent-clad waveguide. In this work we demonstrate a complete photonic integrated circuit (PIC) assembly that is packaged and fiber-coupled enabling us to measure WERS from trace vapor concentrations. The PIC comprises low-loss edge couplers from polarization maintaining single-mode optical fibers, sensing trenches with a sorbent top-cladding, and lattice filters for separation of the Stokes signal from the laser. The PICs are fabricated at AIM Photonics using the Silicon Nitride Passive PIC process with the TLX-VIS component library. Then, they are packaged into assemblies with permanent fiber-attach using fiber arrays. The sorbent is deposited in a thin, uniform layer in the sensing trench using one of two deposition techniques: nano-plotting and drip-coating. A laser wavelength of 785 nm enables the use of a compact spectrometer with a thermoelectrically-cooled silicon detector. Spectra are obtained with exposure times of a few seconds and show parts-per-billion detection limits for select vapors. This work successfully demonstrates the use of a compact Raman spectrometer integrated with a fully assembled PIC via optical fibers for the detection of low-density vapor-phase analytes.

Conference Presentation

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

Nathan F. Tyndall, Erik D. Emmons, Marcel W. Pruessner, Jordan N. Butt, Kyle J. Walsh, Kevin C. Hung, Erik S. Roese, Phillip G. Wilcox, Jason A. Guicheteau, Benjamin L. Miller, R. Andrew McGill, and Todd H. Stievater "Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace vapors with fiber-attached photonic integrated circuits", Proc. SPIE 13056, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXV, 1305608 (7 June 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012880

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