Directionally unbiased multiports are novel photonic components where each port could equally serve as an input and an output point for light. This new concept of linear-optical devices enables the design of next-generation classical and quantum photonic devices for applications in sensing, metrology, and information processing. Though some unbiased multiports have been realized as collections of free space optics, their implementation in a graph network is impractical due to their sensitivity to misalignment and the strict coherence requirements of their fundamental interference phenomena. Therefore, developing chip-integrated embodiments of interconnected, unbiased multiports will provide an experimental platform for novel quantum photonics devices. This includes enhanced-sensitivity interferometers for navigation, low-power optical modulators, quantum entanglement routing, and discrete-time Hamiltonian simulation. Here we investigate the design of nanoscale, directionally unbiased photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and show how symmetry can be utilized to reach a more optimal design.
|