Analysis and compensation of ball-lens-induced pupil distortion and spherical aberration

Carl E. Gaebe

doi:10.1117/12.230081

15 January 1996 Analysis and compensation of ball-lens-induced pupil distortion and spherical aberration

Carl E. Gaebe

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 2610, Laser Diode Chip and Packaging Technology; (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.230081
Event: Photonics East '95, 1995, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Abstract

Ball lenses are frequently used in low to mid-cost laser packages where coupling efficiency is not a major concern. As a single element, the low cost, high precision, and high symmetry of ball lenses offer considerable advantages in packaging. When moderately higher coupling efficiencies are necessary, two-lens designs (in which the first lens is spherical) are often used successfully. Since the aberrations scale with lens diameter, the coupling efficiency generally increases as the diameter of the ball lens decreases. However, placement tolerances become more critical as the lens diameter is reduced and can limit the minimum practical ball diameter. A compromise between higher coupling efficiency and workable tolerances is often encountered when the ball lens diameter is on the order of 500 micrometers. As a result, higher coupling packaging schemes often abandon ball lenses in favor of high NA molded aspheric elements which eliminate spherical aberrations altogether. However, high NA molded aspheres are relatively expensive, and since aberrations are only corrected for a small region on axis, the alignment and bonding of these lenses become critical. We analyze the problem of pupil distortion and spherical aberrations produced by ball lenses and propose potentially cost- effective designs for downstream aberration compensation.

Citation Download Citation

Carl E. Gaebe "Analysis and compensation of ball-lens-induced pupil distortion and spherical aberration", Proc. SPIE 2610, Laser Diode Chip and Packaging Technology, (15 January 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.230081

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