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Blue, even ultraviolet emissions and very strong green emissions have been observed in ZBLAN glasses codoped with Er3+ and Yb3+. The strong green emissions were demonstrated to be of sequential two-photon process, while the blue emissions be of multi-photon process, due to the strong sensitization of the Yb3+. The schemes of luminescence sensitization and quenching of Yb3+ to Er3+ were proposed.
Xiaobo Chen,Zhao Hao,Guangyin Zhang,Yanbing Hou, andFeng Song
"Multiphoton upconversion process in Er-doped and Er- and Yb-codoped ZBLAN", Proc. SPIE 2897, Electro-Optic and Second Harmonic Generation Materials, Devices, and Applications, (3 October 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.252984
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Xiaobo Chen, Zhao Hao, Guangyin Zhang, Yanbing Hou, Feng Song, "Multiphoton upconversion process in Er-doped and Er- and Yb-codoped ZBLAN," Proc. SPIE 2897, Electro-Optic and Second Harmonic Generation Materials, Devices, and Applications, (3 October 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.252984