Spatial light modulators (SLMs) play a key role in modern optics and imaging applications, enabling dynamic control over the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light. For next-generation applications, there is a need for SLMs to exhibit 2 phase modulation within 1 ms at low applied voltages. In this presentation, we investigate the optical phase modulation potential of different nematic liquid crystal (LC) devices including the pi-cell operating in the so-called symmetric H state. Experimental results obtained using a phase-shifting Michelson interferometer confirm full 2 phase modulation in 1 ms, which is in good agreement with results from simulations.
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