Central Tower Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) harnesses heliostats, sun-tracking mirrors, to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver for thermal energy storage. Even slight surface errors in heliostats can lead to substantial performance losses. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed two tools to characterize heliostat optomechanical errors. The first, Non-Intrusive Optical (NIO) technology, employs Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) to capture outdoor images of mirror reflections, estimating slope, canting, and tracking errors. The second, Reflected Target Non-Intrusive Assessment (ReTNA) System, uses an indoor automated rail system to photograph reflected printed targets with a coded chessboard pattern. Both methods' methodologies have been validated, and efforts are underway to automate and commercialize them, with data collected from commercial heliostats aiding in validation and demonstration.
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