2 January 2024 Attention-gated 3D CapsNet for robust hippocampal segmentation
Clement Poiret, Antoine Bouyeure, Sandesh Patil, Cécile Boniteau, Edouard Duchesnay, Antoine Grigis, Frederic Lemaitre, Marion Noulhiane
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Purpose

The hippocampus is organized in subfields (HSF) involved in learning and memory processes and widely implicated in pathologies at different ages of life, from neonatal hypoxia to temporal lobe epilepsy or Alzheimer’s disease. Getting a highly accurate and robust delineation of sub-millimetric regions such as HSF to investigate anatomo-functional hypotheses is a challenge. One of the main difficulties encountered by those methodologies is related to the small size and anatomical variability of HSF, resulting in the scarcity of manual data labeling. Recently introduced, capsule networks solve analogous problems in medical imaging, providing deep learning architectures with rotational equivariance. Nonetheless, capsule networks are still two-dimensional and unassessed for the segmentation of HSF.

Approach

We released a public 3D Capsule Network (3D-AGSCaps, https://github.com/clementpoiret/3D-AGSCaps) and compared it to equivalent architectures using classical convolutions on the automatic segmentation of HSF on small and atypical datasets (incomplete hippocampal inversion, IHI). We tested 3D-AGSCaps on three datasets with manually labeled hippocampi.

Results

Our main results were: (1) 3D-AGSCaps produced segmentations with a better Dice Coefficient compared to CNNs on rotated hippocampi (p=0.004, cohen’s d=0.179); (2) on typical subjects, 3D-AGSCaps produced segmentations with a Dice coefficient similar to CNNs while having 15 times fewer parameters (2.285M versus 35.069M). This may greatly facilitate the study of atypical subjects, including healthy and pathological cases like those presenting an IHI.

Conclusion

We expect our newly introduced 3D-AGSCaps to allow a more accurate and fully automated segmentation on atypical populations, small datasets, as well as on and large cohorts where manual segmentations are nearly intractable.

© 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Clement Poiret, Antoine Bouyeure, Sandesh Patil, Cécile Boniteau, Edouard Duchesnay, Antoine Grigis, Frederic Lemaitre, and Marion Noulhiane "Attention-gated 3D CapsNet for robust hippocampal segmentation," Journal of Medical Imaging 11(1), 014003 (2 January 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.11.1.014003
Received: 14 November 2022; Accepted: 4 December 2023; Published: 2 January 2024
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KEYWORDS
Image segmentation

3D modeling

Education and training

Magnetic resonance imaging

Data modeling

Silver

Convolution

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