21 December 2023 Planar crossed-fork gratings with sinusoidal transmittance for eliminating high-order diffraction
Jun Zheng, Jiebin Niu, Yilei Hua, Chuhao Yao, Hailiang Li, Changqing Xie
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Fractional arrays of vortex beams with different topological charges (TCs) can potentially be used to improve the efficiency of optical communication. However, when the incident light is non-monochromatic, high-order diffraction of vortex beam arrays, which is naturally generated by traditional two-dimensional fork gratings, always superimposes on the useful first order, resulting in the complexity of the subsequent spectrum decoding. Herein, we propose a planar crossed-fork gratings (PCFGs) that can effectively eliminate high-order diffraction. Compared to sinusoidal fork gratings, the PCFGs is a binarized structure and features sinusoidal transmittance, bypassing the need to fabricate a complex three-dimensional structure to achieve sinusoidal transmittance, and therefore its fabrication is compatible with semiconductor processes. Numerical simulations and experimental results consistently show that the PCFGs can effectively suppress second-order and high-order diffractions, retaining only ±1st -order vortex beams array symmetrically distributed around the 0’th order. Moreover, its helical phase structure with multiple TCs has also been experimentally verified.

© 2023 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Jun Zheng, Jiebin Niu, Yilei Hua, Chuhao Yao, Hailiang Li, and Changqing Xie "Planar crossed-fork gratings with sinusoidal transmittance for eliminating high-order diffraction," Optical Engineering 62(12), 125104 (21 December 2023). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.62.12.125104
Received: 26 September 2023; Accepted: 5 December 2023; Published: 21 December 2023
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KEYWORDS
Diffraction

Diffraction gratings

Optical gratings

Transmittance

Signal intensity

Technetium

Optical engineering

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