The Fourier transform (FT) method is one of the foremost single-fringe techniques for high-speed three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction within the fringe projection profilometry (FPP). Despite its widespread use, the intrinsic issue of spectrum leakage in the FT method leads to diminished precision in regions of image edge. We introduce a spatial-domain phase-shifting (SDPS) method, employing pixel spatial translation to extract the phase-shifting subfringe sequence, followed by the least-square fitting technique to accurately determine surface phase information. Simulation analyses for continuous and discontinuous structures are conducted to affirm that the SDPS method could mitigate the edge error in comparison to the FT method. Meanwhile, the factors that may influence the performance of the proposed method are also analyzed, including the background, modulation, and spatial translation distance. Experiments of static and dynamic scenarios are carried out to further demonstrate that the SDPS method could achieve improved measurement precision in edge areas when compared with the FT method and has the potential to be applied in dynamic 3D surface reconstruction with high precision and efficiency in FPP.