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In order to address this need for experimental data, we conducted measurement campaigns at various accelerator facilities and at different energies below 1 MeV in the past decade. Targets ranged from classic gold-coated nickel shells as used for the optics of XMM-Newton and eROSITA to the latest silicon pore optics (SPO) samples coated with iridium as foreseen for Athena.
The latest measurements with SPO samples were taken with a completely new experimental design at considerably lower energies than before, ranging from 20 keV to 50 keV, and with an MCP detector that features two dimensional position resolution. Therefore, this data is even more relevant for background studies and features a much finer angular coverage. Furthermore, the data yield hints that a significant fraction of scattered protons undergoes charge exchange and, thus, is not affected by a magnetic diverter.
In this contribution, we give an overview of the different proton experiments and their results and present our new low-energy setup together with some preliminary results.
The data processing electronics within the WFI instrument is distributed over several subsystems: DEPFET sensors sensitive in the x-ray energy regime and front-end electronics are located inside the Camera Head. Data pre-processing inside the Detector Electronics will be performed in an FPGA-based frame-processor. FPGA external memory will be used to store offset and noise maps wherefore memory controllers have to be developed. Fast read and write access to the maps combined with robustness against radiation damage (e.g. bit-flips) has to be ensured by the frame-processor design.
The LAD instrument has now completed the assessment phase but was not down-selected for launch. However, during the assessment, most of the trade-offs have been closed leading to a robust and well documented design that will be reproposed in future ESA calls. In this talk, we will summarize the characteristics of the LAD design and give an overview of the expectations for the instrument capabilities.
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