An integrating sphere system has been developed to non-invasively study the optical properties of biological tissues over
a broad spectral range. Using the integrating sphere as both a diffuse illumination source and a detector provides a
technically simple measurement apparatus with numerous advantages. A primary advantage is the reduction of the effect
of spatial inhomogeneities on the determination of optical properties, afforded by the increased area of detection through
the port-opening of the sphere, which challenges many fibre-based, spatially-resolved measurements. Through a single
measurement of total diffuse reflectance, an estimation of the transport albedo of homogeneous, liquid phantoms can be
made for those cases where scattering is greater than a determined threshold. Further estimations can be made to describe
the absorption environment. The effects of the sphere geometry, particularly port-opening size, on the accuracy of the
estimated optical properties will be discussed. These results will be used to modify the design of the integrating sphere as
an efficient illuminator and light collector, in order to optimize its use in determining the optical properties of biological tissues.
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