Ms. Elham Ashari Profile

Elham Ashari

at Univ of Waterloo

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Proceedings Article | 9 December 2004 Paper

FPGA implementation of real-time adaptive image thresholding

Elham Ashari, Richard Hornsey

Proceedings Volume 5578, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.566861

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Field programmable gate arrays, Signal processing, Neural networks, Binary data, Artificial neural networks, Data storage, Laser applications, Imaging systems, Visualization

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A general purpose FPGA architecture for real-time thresholding is proposed in this paper. The hardware architecture is based on a weight-based clustering threshold algorithm that takes the thresholding as a problem of clustering background and foreground pixels. This method employs the clustering capability of a two-weight neural network to find the centriods of the two pixel groups. The image threshold is the average of these two centriods. The proposed method is an adaptive thresholding technique because for every input pixel the closest weight is selected for updating. Updating is based on the difference between the input pixel gray level and the associated weight, scaled by a learning rate factor. The hardware system is implemented on a FPGA platform and consists of two pipelined functional blocks. While the first block is obtaining the threshold value for current frame, another block is applying the threshold value to the previous frame. This parallelism and the simple hardware component of both blocks make this approach suitable for real-time applications, while the performance remains comparable with the Otsu technique frequently used in off-line threshold determination. Results from the proposed algorithm are presented for numerous examples, both from simulations and experimentally using the FPGA. Although the primary application of this work is to centroiding of laser spots, its use in other applications will be discussed.

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