Due to the global outbreak of COVID-19, in this work, anterior-posterior (AP) and posterior-anterior (PA) chest X-Ray images were used as the input data for computational image processing. This to approximate a range of luminescence that could filter the anatomical region of the lungs, by comparing local maxima in the luminescence histograms obtained from an open dataset of chest X-Ray images stored in a public GitHub repository at https://github.com/ieee8023/covid-chestxray-dataset. Luminescence masks were obtained from the approximated values of luminescence in the image histograms that correspond to the anatomical region of the lungs in the original chest AP and PA X-Ray images. The luminescence masks were used to segment the regions of interest containing the lungs, storing them in a separate image. The luminescence histograms from the segmented images were given as inputs for the K-means algorithm; a non-supervised learning algorithm that was applied as part of the pipeline of the mapper algorithm to obtain groups of information in data in the process of clusterization. The mapper algorithm provides a visual representation of the patterns found in clusters obtained from the values of luminescence frequency in the images through interconnected nodes in a simplicial complex. A simplicial complex is a mathematical object that allows observing topological features in a graph created by nodes connected by edges. Mapper algorithm closely connects regions of nodes in the simplicial complex, it indicates ranges of luminescence values in the input images which provide helpful information in the analysis of chest X-Ray images
The importance of a constant blood glucose concentration monitoring in order to keep a regular control for diabetic patients, had been established from the medical approach. Several studies accept the necessity of exploring alternatives for the traditional digital glucometer, given the pain and discomfort related to this technique, which can lead to a compromised control of the disease. Numerous efforts based on the application of IR spectroscopy for non-invasive glucose quantification had been done with favorable, yet not conclusive results, given in part from the research protocols defined, which had not considered the compounds involved in the glucose regulation mechanism, it’s known that this substances have an important role from both the biochemical and optical perspective. Therefore it’s necessary to apply an interdisciplinary study based on the properties of the glucose in the human body, to understand the interaction between this substance, its surroundings and light from the mid-IR region. From our results, the window of interest for blood glucose is in the spectral range of 1150-950cm-1. This study proposes a comprehensive approach of glucose quantification by means of mid-IR absorption spectroscopy, considering important biochemical, physiological and optical properties, we also propose the use of chemometric tools for the analysis of the bio-optical signals. The results of this work would help to define the right parameters aiming to obtain an optical glucose quantification system and protocol.
The increasing of robotics equipped with machine vision sensors applied to Precision Agriculture is demanding solutions for several problems. The robot navigates and acts over a rough surface, considering specific restrictions. The information to navigate between the crops is supplied by physical sensors and mainly by some imaging detection system to the robot. The vision system for this kind of robots has many challenges, as changes in luminosity, uncontinuous crop row, processing capacity and time, as well as terrain conditions, among others. The aim of this research is to propose a method to develop a vision system for a tractor robot based on: PCA dimensionality reduction algorithm, the second derivative method and a genetic algorithm for crop row detection.
It has been established the importance of a constant glucose monitoring in order to keep a regular control for
diabetes patients. Several medical studies accept the necessity of exploring alternatives for the traditional digital
glucometer, given the pain and discomfort related to this technique, which can lead to a compromised control of the
disease. Several efforts based on the application of IR spectroscopy had been done with favorable, yet not
conclusive results. Therefore it’s necessary to apply a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study based on the
biochemical and optical properties of the glucose in the human body, in order to understand the interaction between
this substance, its surroundings and IR light. These study propose a comprehensive approach of the glucose and IR
light interaction, considering and combining important biochemical, physiological and optical properties, as well as
some machine learning techniques for the data analysis. The results of this work would help to define the right
parameters aiming to obtain an optical glucose quantification system and protocol.
Our work presents a study of the physical phenomena produced in biological-tissue irradiated by pulsed lasers. It is of
special interest to us to apply short (Nd:YAG, 5ns) and ultrashort (Ti:Sapphire, 90fs) laser pulses into biological-tissue
samples in order to study and understand the interaction features. These laser pulses posses interaction features with
tissue that could offer, depending on the pulse parameters, good advantages for medical applications; such features
include free heat laser pulse-tissue interaction and excellent mechanical damage confinement. This study was carried out
in porcine corneal tissue and biological-tissue models made by agar gel layers combined with organic dye, which
allowed us to emulate vascular tissue. The main objective of our study is to understand photo-induced thermal effects
and bubble formation in biological-tissue irradiated by short and ultrashort laser pulses. Our results on corneal tissue
showed a good potential for novel ophthalmic applications, especially in refractive surgery. In the case of the agar gel
biological-tissue models, similar results can be applied in dermatology in order to remove port wine stain or other similar
birthmarks.
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