High-precision radiometric calibration is the basis for quantitative applications of hyperspectral remote sensing. Cross-calibration facilitates the cross-comparison and radiation reference transfer between multi-source hyperspectral equipment and normalizes different remote sensors to a common radiometric baseline. In the collaborative use of different unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral observations, cross-calibration helps to eliminate the differences in the radiometric and spectral scales of the multi-source remote sensors, improve the radiometric quality and interpretation consistency of the imaging from different remote sensors. However, a significant portion of the error in cross-calibration between UAV hyperspectral instruments using radiation transfer modeling comes from the assumption of aerosol type. When using the irradiance method for calculations, it is important to consider the case that the uplink radiation transfer from the UAV remote sensors passes through only a portion of the atmosphere. Therefore, cross-calibration is necessary to improve the radiation transfer model with its own characteristics. In this paper, we propose the cross-calibration method for UAV hyperspectral to address the above problems. A full set of data such as multi-gray level target images, atmospheric aerosol, water vapor content data, etc. are collected in our experiment. The method improves the traditional irradiance calibration method by combining the measured atmospheric diffuse-to-global ratio, and effectively reduces the error caused by the aerosol assumption by taking into account the special characteristics of the uplink radiation transmission path of the UAV. At the same time, considering that it is difficult to satisfy the need of cross-calibration of the whole response interval by using a single reflectance feature, the experiment adopts six kinds of targets with different gray levels for cross-calibration. Finally, the accuracy and impact of different response intervals are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper can ensure the cross-calibration accuracy more reliably, especially when the aerosol type is difficult to be determined, and it is very suitable for cross-radiometric calibration between UAV sensors.
This paper aims to improve the efficiency of remote sensing image processing. The reflectance retrieval module developed based on IDL language uses the images obtained by the new DMCIII digital aerial survey instrument, introduces the parameters of the DMCIII camera and various modules of the whole process of multi-thread processing, and analyzes the accuracy by combining the field data collected. It proves the operability and practicability of multi-threaded processing in the whole process.
Atmospheric correction can introduce errors in surface spectral reflectance, and hence induces errors in plant water estimation from remote sensing water indices. We intend to develop water indices that are less impacted by atmospheric effects for plant water content estimation based on the 970-nm water absorption feature. A simulation study using the PROSAIL and 6S models showed that uncertainty in atmospheric water vapor (WV) content can induce large variation in existing 970-nm water indices, such as WI, NWI-1, and NWI-3. An attempt was made to incorporate atmospheric WV absorption at 940 nm to correct for the perturbation due to atmospheric WV variability, leading to the development of improved indices, named as ARWI, NARWI-1, and NARWI-3. The performance of these indices was evaluated using the simulated and field spectral reflectance data, as well as Hyperion and GF5 satellite data. Results showed that the new indices were resistant to uncertainty of WV and could be used to deliver improved estimation of canopy water content, with a smaller root-mean-square-error (ARWI: 7.4 mg/cm2, NARWI-1: 8.3 mg/cm2, and NARWI-3: 8.8 mg/cm2) compared to that obtained using the traditional water indices (WI: 8.9 mg/cm2, NWI-1: 9.4 mg/cm2, and NWI-3: 16.6 mg/cm2). The water indices developed in this study, although needing further assessment in wide application scenarios, have great potential for monitoring of vegetation water status using satellite hyperspectral data with reflectance measurement around 970 nm.
The surface reflectance is an essential parameter for the quantitative applications using remote sensing satellite data; therefore, it is of great importance for the scientific community to produce standard surface reflectance products using an operational running algorithm and system. There have been various medium- to high-resolution satellites in China, yet there is still a lack of relevant surface reflectance products and systems. In this paper, high-resolution GF-1/GF-2 data from the year 2014 and 2017 were utilized for retrieval of surface reflectance products over land by using an operational atmospheric correction algorithm, adaptive to most multispectral satellites with visible and near-infrared bands (VNIR), namely, the VNIR approach. This method was based on the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, Vector (6SV) code and the look-up tables (LUTs). The surface reflectance products over land were validated against the ground-based atmospherically corrected reflectance over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions and middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River in China. The preliminary validation results showed that the surface reflectance products agreed quiet well with the ground-based corrected reflectance, with the linear regression fitting coefficients being 1.09– 1.03, the correlation coefficients of R2 being 0.97–0.99, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) being 0.01. Simultaneously, the mean reflectance normalized residuals between the surface reflectance products and the ground-based corrected reflectance were 19.7 %, 13.5 %, 8.7 %, and 6.6 %, respectively, indicating that the surface reflectance products over land derived from VNIR atmospheric correction approach had a good accuracy.
One of the most important tasks in analyzing hyperspectral image data is the classification process[1]. In general, in order to enhance the classification accuracy, a data preprocessing step is usually adopted to remove the noise in the data before classification. But for the time-sensitive applications, we hope that even the data contains noise the classifier can still appear to execute correctly from the user’s perspective, such as risk prevention and response. As the most popular classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been widely used for hyperspectral image classification and proved to be a very promising technique in supervised classification[2]. In this paper, two experiments are performed to demonstrate that for the hyperspectral data with noise, if the noise of the data is within a certain range, SVM algorithm is still able to execute correctly from the user’s perspective.
Regular monitoring and assessment on radiometric performance of satellite sensors is necessary for the quantitative remote sensing application and development. HJ satellite was launched by China on 2008, which was put forward to achieve dynamic monitoring of environment and disasters, also need to monitor radiometric performance and provide stable and reliable calibration coefficients timely. In this study, Terra/MODIS data were used to calibrate HJ-1A CCD camera by cross-calibration technique in Dunhuang radiometric calibration site. Total thirteen HJ -1A CCD images were utilized, the 6s model was used to estimate the spectral matching factors. Finally, this study obtains long-term HJ-1A CCD calibration coefficients from 2009 to 2012. Results show that each band of HJ-1A CCD is varying degrees of degradation after HJ satellites launched 5 years later. This study is helpful to obtain high accuracy and reliable calibration coefficients and monitor radiometric performance of HJ-1A CCD.
With the deterioration of water pollution, monitoring of water environment is becoming more and more urgent.
However, there is no professional water environmental monitoring system in China. To overcome these problems, we
have developed a Surface water environmental monitoring System (WATERS for short) by VISUAL C++6.0 IDE.
WATERS is designed for the four kinds of remote sensing data of HJ-1 satellites, which are multi-spectral camera, ultraspectral
imager, infrared camera, and SAR. Besides, WATERS can also support other satellite remote sensing data. We
use some simulated HJ-1 satellites remote sensing data, as well as remote sensing data of similar satellite sensors, to test
the operation of WATERS. The operation results by these remote sensing data show that WATERS works well, and both
the efficiency and the precision of water quality monitoring are high.
Remote Sensing Image Simulation, which provides the image according to the characteristics of sensor in geometry, spectral and radiometry, is a very significant issue before the satellite's launching. This paper is mainly detailed in the geometric characteristics of multi-spectral sensors and the process of image geometric simulation of 1A microsatellite in Environment and Disaster Monitoring Microsatellite Constellation (HJ-1A). The relationship among the swath, the convergent angle, and the Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) is studied. The ideal photography model based on the photogrammetric theory is set up according to part of orbit parameters and reasonable assumptions. The relationship between the image coordinates and the geodetic coordinates and the simulating image algorithm is put forward. Finally, some conclusions are drawn up from the results of the study.
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