Surface patterning of azobenzene-containing thin films using digital holography microscopy with built-in laser interference setup leads a way to rapid fabrication of diffractive optical elements. The light-induced mass-migration of photochromic materials enables the formation of topographies in a one-step photolithographic process, which is a challenge to existing microfabrication methods. A method for in-situ metrology of surface modifications enables the study and control of the inscribed patterns. As example, we present high-resolution and large-area optical elements that were produced by forming the topographies pixel by pixel according to a digital twin.
The paper presents a novel and fast method to characterize thin film conformality on microscopic 3D High Aspect Ratio substrates. The thin film deposition experiment uses specially designed PillarHall(TM) Lateral High Aspect Ratio (LHAR) silicon chip as a substrate. The measurement on a chip relies on the conventional planar surface characterization tools such as optical microscopy, line-scan reflectometry and ellipsometry. The results show that the method is fast and accurate way to characterize thin film conformality as well as other film properties, and also in wafer-level.
I review our recent findings on lasing / condensation in plasmonic nanoparticle lattices1-5. The system properties can be tailored with high precision, including the lasing / condensation energies, linewidths, as well as the dimensionality of the feedback. For a 2-dimensional (2-D) square lattice, we identify lasing in the bright and the dark mode of the system1. By reducing the dimensionality to 1-D we observe the dark mode lasing2. In broken symmetry 2-dimensional rectangular lattices, we observe multimode lasing3. In honeycomb lattices with hexagonal symmetry, we observe 6 beams with specific off-normal angles and polarization properties corresponding to six-fold symmetry of such a lattice4. Finally, I review our recent studies in plasmonic Bose-Einstein condensation in plasmonic lattices5.
We study lasing in regular arrays made from aluminum nanoparticles. We show that these structures function as laser sources at visible wavelengths, even when scaled to an order of magnitude smaller areas compared to existing literature. The aluminum nanoparticles provide a robust platform for studying lasing in plasmonic systems, even when the optical losses are higher compared to silver or gold.
We show strong coupling involving three different types of resonances in plasmonic nanoarrays: surface lattice resonances, localized surface plasmon resonances on single nanoparticles, and excitations of organic dye molecules. We study spatial coherence properties of a plasmonic nanoarray covered with a dye molecule film by a double slit experiment. A continuous evolution of coherence from the weak to the strong coupling regime is observed. Finally, we show with magnetic nanoparticles how the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling of the material interplays with the symmetries of the nanoparticle array, and mention our latest results on light-matter interactions in plasmonic lattices.
We present measurement and simulation results of local surface plasmon resonances on silver nanoantenna
structures, fabricated with electron beam lithography. Such structures offer interesting possibilities to study
strong coupling phenomena between surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) and, e.g., quantum dots, along the lines
of our previous work on vacuum Rabi splitting for SPP and dye molecules.
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