We propose a real-time multi-monitoring interrogation technique based on Fourier domain mode-locked fiber laser for simultaneous measurement of radiation dose and multi-point strain. Radiation dose and multipoint strain can be monitored in real-time by measuring the variation of output power and detection time interval of the sensing signals. Since the operating wavelength of the FDML is continuously controlled as a function of time, it is possible to simultaneously measure the variation of radiation dose and multipoint strain in real time.
We propose the temperature-insensitive bending sensor based on a hole-assisted single polarization fiber (SPF). Without
fiber grating structures, the SPF-based sensing probe can provide the sensing technique to measure the bending change.
If bending is applied to the SPF, two cutoff wavelengths are shifted to shorter wavelengths and the transmission power is
diminished because the structural deformation of the SPF induced by bending changes birefringence depending on
principle axes of the SPF. However, the applied temperature variation has no effect on the birefringence change severely
and two cutoff wavelengths are not shifted by changing temperature. Therefore, the proposed SPF-based sensing probe
with temperature insensitivity can measure the bending change effectively.
We propose a sensing scheme of an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser for multi-monitoring of radiation dose and
strain simultaneously. The EDF and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are exploited as sensing probes for simultaneous
measurement of radiation dose and strain. The output power and the lasing wavelength of the proposed EDF laser are
changed by increasing the radiation dose and strain, respectively. The radiation and strain sensitivities were measured to
be 8.4 dB/km•Gy and 0.81 pm/με, respectively.
A reflection-type interferometer based on a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) is investigated
for simultaneous measurement of chemical vapor and temperature. The PM-PCF with a length of 2.6 cm is
fusion-spliced to standard single-mode fiber and airholes of the PM-PCF are fully collapsed allowing the excitation
of different core and cladding modes in the PM-PCF corresponding to two orthogonal polarization modes. Since
airholes at the end of the PM-PCF interferometer are left open, a chemical vapor can be infiltrated into the voids.
Different sensitivities corresponding to input polarization states are utilized for discrimination between chemical
vapor and temperature effects.
Micro-tapered long-period fiber gratings (MT-LPFGs) written in tapered fibers with different diameters of 125, 100, 75,
and 50 μm are fabricated and their transmission characteristics with variations in strain and temperature are investigated.
Since the variation of the refractive index with the applied strain change is inversely proportional to the cross section
area of the MT-LPFGs, the strain sensitivity of the MT-LPFGs is further improved. The temperature sensitivity is also
enhanced by reducing the diameter of the tapered fiber. The experimental results are very useful for discrimination of
strain and temperature sensitivities.
A simple scheme for discrimination of temperature and ambient index based on a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber
with surface long-period fiber gratings depending on input polarization state are proposed and experimentally
investigated.
We propose the temperature-insensitive bending sensor based on a hole-assisted single polarization fiber (SPF). Without
fiber grating structures, the SPF-based sensing probe can provide the sensing technique to measure the bending change.
If bending is applied to the SPF, two cutoff wavelengths are shifted to shorter wavelengths and the transmission power is
diminished because the structural deformation of the SPF induced by bending changes birefringence depending on
principle axes of the SPF. However, the applied temperature variation has no effect on the birefringence change severely
and two cutoff wavelengths are not shifted by changing temperature. Therefore, the proposed SPF-based sensing probe
with temperature insensitivity can measure the bending change effectively.
A simple scheme for simultaneous measurement of bending and temperature based on a dualwavelength Raman
fiber laser at a long distance of more than 50 km is investigated without additional light sources.
Polarization-dependent in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated by using a polarization-maintaining fiber
depending on input polarization state is investigated for discrimination of temperature and ambient index.
A simple and flexible sensing configuration for discrimination of temperature and strain is investigated by implementing
a PM-PCF-based Sagnac fiber loop mirror incorporating an EDF. The integration of an optical source and the sensing
probe can obviously simplify the overall system configuration without requiring any additional broadband light source.
Since the ASE of the EDF was reduced by the increase of temperature, the transmission peak power of the proposed
sensor decreased as the temperature increased. The temperature sensitivity of the transmission peak power was estimated
to be -0.04 dB/°C. When the strain was applied to the proposed sensing head, the transmission peak power was not
changed by the applied strain because the ASE power of the EDF was independent of the strain. However, the peak
wavelength shifted into the longer wavelength because the variation of the peak wavelength was directly proportional to
the applied strain. The strain sensitivity was measured to be 1.3 pm/με
Temperature sensitivities of D-shaped fibers with specified surface structures such
as thin film and periodic grating are investigated. The photo resister overlay can induce the
evanescent field coupling of the core mode to the cladding mode in the overlay. The mode
coupling can be modified by the overlay structures such as a single layer and periodic grating.
The temperature sensitivity of D-shaped fibers with versatile overlay structures is also
changed.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a lasing-wavelength selective multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser
based on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating incorporating a nonlinear optical circulating loop. In order to stabilize the
multiwavelength output at room temperature, a nonlinear optical circulating loop based on a highly nonlinear photonic
crystal fiber is employed. The multiwavelength operation can be realized by using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating.
The number of resonant peaks can be determined by the number of phase-shifted segments. The high quality of the
multiwavelength output with a high extinction ratio of ~45 dB and high output flatness of ~0.3 dB is realized. The
switching performance to provide lasing-wavelength selectivity can be realized by the nonlinear polarization rotation
based on the nonlinear optical loop mirror. The lasing wavelength can be switched individually by controlling the
polarization controller and the cavity loss.
The effect of an ambient index change on the transmission characteristics of versatile D-shaped fibers such as single
mode fibers (SMFs) and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is investigated, which depend on the coupling strength of the
evanescent field. The transmission loss of the D-shaped fibers increases as the ambient index increases because the
evanescent field coupling from the core region can be enhanced by the increase of the ambient index. The coupling
strength of the evanescent field can be changed by the remaining length of the cladding region in the D-shaped fiber,
which can be defined as the distance between the core and the cladding. The transmission loss becomes extremely high
when the ambient index is equal to the effective index of the core mode. When the ambient index is higher than that of
the effective index of the core mode, the transmission loss decreases because the evanescent field is coupled back into
the core region. The sensitivity of the transmission loss to the ambient index change is strongly depending on types, the
remaining length of the cladding, and the polished length of fibers such as SMFs and PCFs. The remaining length of the
cladding region can be determined by the coupling strength of the evanescent field.
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