Terahertz (THz) hydration sensing continues to gain traction in the medical imaging community due to its unparalleled
sensitivity to tissue water content. Rapid and accurate detection of fluid shifts following induction of thermal skin burns
as well as remote corneal hydration sensing have been previously demonstrated in vivo using reflective, pulsed THz
imaging. The hydration contrast sensing capabilities of this technology were recently confirmed in a parallel 7 Tesla
Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging study, in which burn areas are associated with increases in local mobile water
content. Successful clinical translation of THz sensing, however, still requires quantitative assessments of system
performance measurements, specifically hydration concentration sensitivity, with tissue substitutes. This research aims
to calibrate the sensitivity of a novel, reflective THz system to tissue water content through the use of hydration
phantoms for quantitative comparisons of THz hydration imagery.Gelatin phantoms were identified as an appropriate
tissue-mimicking model for reflective THz applications, and gel composition, comprising mixtures of water and protein,
was varied between 83% to 95% hydration, a physiologically relevant range. A comparison of four series of gelatin
phantom studies demonstrated a positive linear relationship between THz reflectivity and water concentration, with
statistically significant hydration sensitivities (p < .01) ranging between 0.0209 - 0.038% (reflectivity: %hydration). The
THz-phantom interaction is simulated with a three-layer model using the Transfer Matrix Method with agreement in
hydration trends. Having demonstrated the ability to accurately and noninvasively measure water content in tissue
equivalent targets with high sensitivity, reflective THz imaging is explored as a potential tool for early detection and
intervention of corneal pathologies.
KEYWORDS: Ultrasonography, Brain, In vivo imaging, Acoustics, In vitro testing, Potassium, Modulation, Molecular mechanisms, Transducers, Chemical elements
Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is now being considered as a noninvasive brain therapy for clinical
applications. We maintain that LIFU can efficiently deliver energy from outside the skull to target specific brain regions,
effecting localized neuromodulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive this LIFU-induced
neuromodulation are not well-defined due, in part, to our lack of understanding of how particular sets of LIFU delivery
parameters affect the outcome. To efficiently conduct multiple sweeps of different parameters and determine their
effects, we have developed an in-vitro system to study the effects of LIFU on different types of cells grown in culture.
Presently, we are evaluating how LIFU affects the ionic flux that may underlie neuronal excitation and inhibition
observed in-vivo. The results of our in-vitro studies will provide a rationale for selection of optimal LIFU parameter to be
used in subsequent in-vivo applications. Thus, a prototype ultrasound cell assay system has been developed to conduct
these studies, and is described in this work.
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