Artificial microhabitats offer shelter for intertidal organisms, enhancing biodiversity and abundance. Research on the effects of artificial microhabitats on intertidal organisms is mainly field experiments, with fewer studies on physical modeling and numerical simulation. It leads to the mechanism of artificial microhabitat to improve habitat space is not clear. Hydrodynamic conditions have a significant impact on living space. There are few field experiments on hydrodynamic conditions since the experimental conditions are limited, and corresponding numerical simulation studies have not been developed. In this study, a numerical model under different hydrodynamic conditions was developed. The improved effect of artificial microhabitats on biological habitat space under different conditions was analyzed and its improvement mechanism was discussed. The experimental conclusions can quantify the effects of microhabitat structure on intertidal organisms and guide the technical design, which will contribute to the coordinated development of the economy and ecology.
The invasion of Spartina alterniflora into China, especially the coastal wetland of Yancheng, is particularly serious. We extracted the spatial distribution, center of mass displacement, and other inversion parameters from S. alterniflora using GF satellite images, and analyzed the spatio-temporal change pattern of S. alterniflora and the trend of evolution of wetland landscape. The results showed that: (i) S. alterniflora in the study area has the characteristics of aggregated distribution with areas of 52.22 km2 , 46.52 km2 , and 51.66 km2 in 2013,2017 and 2021, respectively. (ii) North of the33° latitude line changes from band distribution of S. alterniflora to cluster distribution, and south of the line spreads to the sea; the 32.8° latitude line has a vacancy of S. alterniflora in 2017, and the natural diffusion invades the area again. (iii) The number and average area of patches, the amount of annual change, and the annual rate of change varied considerably, and the weighted center of mass point showed a southeastward movement. This study has important data support and ecological significance for carrying out conservation and restoration of natural heritage sites.
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