A micro potentiometric hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) immunosensor based on field-effect transistor (FET) and
electrochemical growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in polypyrrole (PPy) film is reported. Integrated ion-sensitive
field-effect transistors (ISFETs) chips containing two ISFETs, two reference FETs (REFET) and the signal read-out
circuits were fabricated. Micro electrodes of the sensor were fabricated by MEMS techniques and electrochemical
method, both compatible with electrode miniaturization. The simple and direct procedure to form PPy-AuNPs composite
film enhances the sensitivity of the micro sensor. Electrochemical characterization and morphology study by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the presence of AuNPs in PPy. Simple, rapid and precise differential measurement
of HbA1c is achieved. HbA1c in the concentration ranges of 2-20 ng/ml and 4-15 µg/ml can be detected by this sensor
with a response time less than 1 min, which meets the needs of clinical detection of HbA1c. The miniaturized electrodes
and integrated ISFET chip have the potential to be integrated and to achieve system on chip (SOC).
In this paper, a micro amperometric immunosensor based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology for the
detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) was constructed by immobilizing a polyclonal antibody (the
bio-molecular recognition element) onto the surface of polypyrrole(PPy) /staphylococcal protein A(SPA) modified Pt
electrode. Pyrrole doped with SPA was co-electropolymerized onto the working electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry
in 10 minutes for orientation-controlled immobilization of salmonella capture antibodies. S. typhimurium with the
concentration of 102cfu/ml could be detected by this immunosensor with a controllable and convenient manipulation to
effectively modify the sensing surface more rapidly with less consumption of reagent (10µL), which showed the good
property of the sensor. It is potential to develop a micro biosensor that can be used for convenient, accurate,
cost-effective and real-time sensing of pathogens in food products.
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