Tracked intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) is growing in use. Accurate spatial calibration is essential to enable iUS navigation. Utilizing sterilizable probes introduces new challenges that can be solved by time-of-surgery calibration that is robust, efficient and user independent performed within the sterile field. This study demonstrates a smart line detection scheme to perform calibration based on video acquisition data and investigates the effect of pose variation on the accuracy of a plane-based calibration. A user-independent US video is collected of a calibration phantom and a smart line detection and tracking filter applied to the video-tracking data pairs to remove poor calibration candidates. A localized point target phantom is imaged to provide a TRE assessment of the calibration. The tracking data is decoupled into 6 degrees of freedom and these ranges iteratively reduced to study the effect on the spatial calibration accuracy in order to indicate the sufficient amount of pose variation required during video acquisition to maintain high TRE accuracy. This work facilitates a larger development toward user-independent, video based iUS calibration at the time of surgery.
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