The popularity of additive manufacturing has been growing over the last few decades. Additive manufactured composites have a wide range of applications in engineering sectors specifically in aerospace structures. In addition to mechanical loads, they are subjected to thermal loads caused by aerodynamic heating. Temperature increases cause changes in material properties, which complicates thermal stress analysis. The thermal loading was simulated with specific boundary conditions similar to the experiments where the sample was placed inside the oven chamber. While for the mechanical (tensile) testing loading, the sample’s geometry was created with gripping lines to be in accordance with ASTM D3039 standards for tensile tests used in experimental work and surface traction for the applied load. The highest modulus and strength were achieved from the intact sample while the lowest mechanical modulus and strength were obtained in the sample with heat treatment at prolonged temperature of 145◦C. At high temperatures, matrices soften affecting matrix-dominated properties such as transverse and in-plane shear stiffness and strength. A good correlation between the predictive models and experimental results is obtained.
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques can be applied for the production of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) elements. There is a possibility of embedding fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors into elements during the manufacturing process. The embedded FBG sensors can be applied for measurements of the element internal temperature and strain. The goal of the paper is to analyze the influence of sub-zero temperatures on the AM CFRP material durability. The measurements were performed on the samples with FBG sensors embedded into the composite during the manufacturing process. It allows to online monitoring of internal strain in the material during its exposition on sub-zero temperatures and mechanical loading. Additionally, the influence of embedded FBG sensors and temperature on the mechanical strength was determined using the tensile tensile test. It was observed that the influence of embedded FBG sensors on the samples structure is neglected. The samples microstructures were also analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the purpose of determination of the embedded sensors influence, the achieved results were compared with the results for similar samples without fiber optics. It was observed that exposition of CFRP material on sub-zero temperatures influenced on the microstructure of composite and the mechanical strength of the analysed samples.
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques can be applied for the production of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) elements with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The goal of the paper is to analyze the influence of elevated temperature on the AM CFRP samples with FBG sensors embedded into and attached to the surfaces. It allows comparing the results in relation to the locations of the sensors. The samples structures will be analyzed using an optical microscope. Their tensile strength will be determined using the tensile test. The achieved results will be compared with the results for similar samples without fiber optics.
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