Mr. Ryan V. Harkless Profile

Ryan V. Harkless

at Gannon Univ

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Proceedings Article | 5 June 2014 Paper

Radiation hazards of radio frequency waves on the early embryonic development of Zebrafish

Ryan Harkless, Muntather Al-Quraishi, Mary Vagula

Proceedings Volume 9112, 91121E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053469

KEYWORDS: Radiation effects, Organisms, Cell phones, Glasses, Tissues, Biology, Microwave radiation, Thermal modeling, Proteins, Genetics

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With the growing use of wireless devices in almost all day-to-day activities, exposure to radio-frequency radiation has become an immediate health concern. It is imperative that the effects of such radiation not only on humans, but also on other organisms be well understood. In particular, it is critical to understand if RF radiation has any bearing on the gene expression during embryonic development, as this is a crucial and delicate phase for any organism. Owing to possible effects that RF radiation may have on gene expression, it is essential to explore the carcinogenic or teratogenic properties that it may show. This study observed the effects of RF radiation emitted from a cellular telephone on the embryonic development of zebra fish. The expression of the gene shha plays a key role in the early development of the fish. This gene has homologs in humans as well as in other model organisms. Additionally, several biomarkers indicative of cell stress were examined: including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Results show a significant decrease in the expression of shha, a significant decrease in LDH activity. There was no significant increase in SOD and LPO activity. No morphological abnormalities were observed in the developing embryos. At present, these results indicate that exposure to cell phone radiation may have a suppressive effect on expression of shha in D. rerio, though such exposure does not appear to cause morphological detriments. More trials are underway to corroborate these results.

Proceedings Article | 29 May 2013 Paper

Study of effects of radio-wave frequency radiation emitted from cellular telephones on embryonic development of danio rerio

Mary Vagula, Ryan Harkless

Proceedings Volume 8723, 87231E (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016232

KEYWORDS: Radiation effects, Cell phones, Organisms, Microwave radiation, Thermal modeling, Glasses, Biology, Tissues, Optical lithography, Bioalcohols

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Radio wave frequency (RF) radiation emitted from cellular telephones has become increasingly ubiquitous as a result of the popularity of these phones. With the increasing and unavoidable exposure to RF radiation a reality, it is imperative that the effects of such radiation on living tissue be well understood. In particular, it is critical to understand any effects that RF radiation may have as a carcinogen and on embryonic development, as pregnant women are not exempt from such exposure. As a model organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been studied extensively, and their value in studies of gene expression cannot be overstated. This study observed the effects of RF radiation on the embryonic development of zebrafish. The expression of two genes, shha and hoxb9a, that are key to the early development of the fish was examined. Both genes have homologs in humans as well as in other model organisms. Preliminary results suggest that exposure to cell phone radiation might have an effect on the expression of shha in zebrafish embryos, causing under expression. More trials are necessary to validate these results.

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