Vortex beams, characterized by a spiral phase distribution and bearing orbital angular momentum, have unique properties that make them valuable for the research and practical applications. Such beams are used in optical communications, optical manipulation, including tweezers, super-diffraction limit imaging, mode-division multiplexing, and quantum coding. This work investigates the dependence of the radiation flux density of an emitted optical vortex beam depending on the emitting structure geometry. A micro-ring resonator with etched holes is used as a vortex beam emitter. In our study, optimizing the width of the ring waveguide leads up to 30% for the resonant wavelength 1563 nm increase in the power flow density. In order to analyze how the whispering gallery modes are distributed in the cross-section of the ring waveguide, we enlarged the width of the ring waveguide from 400 nm to 500 nm. This approach can be applied to radiating micro-ring resonators in various applications.
In this paper we propose a design of an integrated wavelength-tunable vortex beam emitter based on the silicon photonics platform. The proposed device utilizes the free-plasma dispersion effect in order to change the effective index of the ring waveguide, which leads to displacement of the resonant wavelengths. This scheme allows to bypass the dependence of the emitter resonant characteristics from the fabrication errors. Our simulations also show that for the micro-ring resonators with a small free spectral range it becomes possible to switch the emitted vortex order keeping the same wavelength. Such capabilities make the proposed emitter useful in a wide applications range from communication systems to sensors.
In this paper we propose design of the mode converter for implementing in photonic integrated circuits. Mode converter consists of single-mode ring resonator, single-mode access waveguide and multimode access waveguide, and we propose using of vertical coupling, i.e. locating waveguides under the ring with little gap. Using finite difference time domain simulation we showed high efficiency of proposed device design. We showed dependence of the device performance on the shape of multimode waveguide coupler: straight waveguide provide low level of mode crosstalk, “pulley coupling” scheme with small arc angle (about 13 degrees) provide strong wavelength selectivity. Devices with proposed design is suitable for SDM-WDM systems.
We present design of photonic integrated orbital angular momentum (OAM) emitters consisting of access waveguides and ring resonator with top grating made from holes. Access waveguides are coupled to the resonator using “pulleycoupler” scheme. The device is designed for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) manufacturing platform. We simulated singlemode resonator with one access waveguide and shown that it emits two OAM modes in out-of-plane regime. Than we simulated multimode resonator with two access waveguides and shown that it emits up to four OAM modes. The implementation of OAM emitter based on the ring resonator has specific resonance spectrum therefore such devices are WDM compatible. Compactness of such device allows using it in photonic integrated circuits.
In this paper we consider nonlinear impairments of mode division multiplexed signals with QAM modulation in optical fibers with linear mode coupling of spatial modes. We simulate simultaneous propagation of fundamental mode and two first-order vortex modes in standard single mode fiber at 850 nm and propagation of fundamental mode and first- and second-order vortices in step-index fiber with enlarged core at 1550 nm. Simulation results shows that in strong coupling regime linear coupling lead to sufficient increasing of nonlinear impairments, but QAM-modulated signal is more robust to this effect than OOK modulated signal.
In this paper physical effects caused by macro- and micro bends of optical fiber including additional mode-dependent loss, mode coupling and spurious mode excitation in fiber MDM-system are considered. The effects described below can dramatically decrease capacity and maximum data rate in such systems because of inevitability of fiber bends due to system exploitation thus making MDM-system commercialization much more difficult and expensive. Mathematical approach used to describe these effects and applied in the simulation model is based on well- known refractive index profile approximation [1] of bent step-index fibers and mathematical field coupling model [8].
In this paper an on-chip device capable of wavelength-selective generation of vortex beams is demonstrated. The device is realized by integrating a spiral phase-plate onto a MEMS tunable Fabry-Perot filter. This vortex-MEMS filter, being capable of functioning simultaneously in wavelength and orbital angular momentum (OAM) domains at around 1550 nm, is considered as a compact, robust and cost-effective solution for simultaneous OAM- and WDM optical communications. Experimental spectra for azimuthal orders 1, 2 and 3 show OAM state purity >92% across 30 nm wavelength range. A demonstration of multi-channel transmission is carried out as a proof of concept.
In this paper we demonstrate computer simulation results obtained for the coherent mode division multiplexed (MDM) 5x5 QPSK transmission using principal modes (PMs) of the stepped-index few-mode fiber (FMF) as a basis of independent signal carriers. The output signal recovering and the fiber propagation matrix determination are considered to be carried out in optical domain by means of reconfigurable multibranch diffractive optical elements (DOEs). Both the cases of Gaussian and Nyquist raised-cosine pulse shaping are considered for optical signal modulation. The simulation results show, that the transmission in the basis of PMs in strong coupling regime allows the reliability of the coherent MDM system to be fundamentally improved. As a result, utilization of the optical signal processing for MDM transmission could minimize substantially the DSP circuit complexity required for the real-time recovering of the transmitted signal.
In this paper the possibility of pipeline diagnostics using the optical fiber grid spherical gauge is considered. Constructions of a fiber grid on the basis of multimode fibers and fiber Bragg gratings have been investigated. Breadboard models of different gauge constructions have been implemented and investigated. It has been established experimentally, that the gauge design based on the fiber Bragg gratings possesses higher sensitivity for deformation. However, the gauge based on the multimode fiber is more robust to the temperature influence.
Transmission of optical beams with phase front vorticity through relevant distances in optical fibers poses a problem of time-dependent intermodal interference with random complex coefficients. In this paper we propose a method for compensation of interference between LP-modes, propagating through the optical fiber. To implement optical-domain modal filtering, reconfigurable diffractive optical element matched with particular modes is considered. Such an element may be encoded as phase-only hologram by means of SLM. With this approach modes can be separated spatially in the compensating diffractive element far field and handled independently with corresponding complex coefficients. Efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed by computer simulation results.
In this paper we introduce a novel method for mode-coupling compensation in MDM systems based on the adaptive optics. This approach is intended to minimize significantly the computational complexity required for digital signal processing, because only computation of diffraction optical element transmission function is performed and no real time signal processing is required to compensate for intermodal interference. Therefore, existing challenges of MIMO MDM systems, such as DSP performance limits and increasing power consumption, might be overcome.
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