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This book presents a simple yet elegant introduction to classical optics focused primarily on establishing fundamental concepts for students new to the field. With examples demonstrating the use of optics in a wide range of practical applications, it reflects the pedagogical approach used by Prof. Mejía-Barbosa to teach his Fundamentals of Optics course at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. This book will prove useful for undergraduate and graduate students of physics, optical science and engineering, and any other related science or engineering discipline that deals with optics at some level. Readers are invited to study the fundamental principles of optics and find pleasure in learning about this fascinating and vibrant field. Translated by Herminso Villarraga-Gómez.
Guest editors Daniel Malacara-Hernández, Alfredo Dubra, Jim Schwiegerling, Pablo Artal, Yobani Mejía, and Eva Acosta Plaza introduce the Special Section on Advances in Optical Measurements and Instrumentation for Ophthalmology and Optometry.
We present a simple method to measure the two principal planes and the effective focal length of an imaging optical system. It is based on measurements of transverse magnification of the image and both the object and image positions from two arbitrary reference points. A simple linear equation is derived to find the distances of the principal planes from the reference points, which enables the computation of the effective focal length. Experimentally, the method only needs a standard optical bench, thus avoiding the use of a nodal slide. The accuracy obtained for a practical example with an optical system composed of two achromatic doublets is smaller than 1 mm, or better than 2%, for all three measured values (two principal planes and the one effective focal length) as compared with the results of optical ray tracing performed with OSLO software.
In this report the method of the analysis of two similar structures is discussed. The structures to be compared are considered as two dimensional, amplitude only and are composed by identical apertures. The difference between theses structures is connected with spatial position of the one or several apertures. This difference can be found by: (1) comparison of the two secondary Fourier spectra (auto- correlation signals) of corresponding transmittance functions, and (2) comparison of the cross-correlation signal and the first auto-correlation signal. In that case, we can describe directly the second structure. So, the knowledge of the structures is possible even though we do not know apriory the structures. Some experimental and computer simulated results applied to pattern recognition are presented.
In this report we discuss the method of the analysis of pseudo-identical optical signals. Two similar images, composed by identical apertures, were taken as an example for examination. The difference in their structures can be connected with the value of the apertures' function of transmittance, with the inter-apertures' separation along one direction, or with both these factors simultaneously. The overall functions of the transmittance for this type of pseudo- identical structure can be measured up through comparison of the secondary Fourier spectrums of corresponding transmittance functions.
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