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Demet Yuksel Yuksel

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2013 Paper

Geometrical modeling of optical phase difference for analyzing atmospheric turbulence

Demet Yuksel, Heba Yuksel

Proceedings Volume 8874, 88740W (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024418

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Atmospheric propagation, Monte Carlo methods, Atmospheric modeling, Geometrical optics, Atmospheric optics, Refractive index, Optical simulations, Free space optics, Scintillation

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Ways of calculating phase shifts between laser beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence can give us insight towards the understanding of spatial diversity in Free-Space Optical (FSO) links. We propose a new geometrical model to estimate phase shifts between rays as the laser beam propagates through a simulated turbulent media. Turbulence is simulated by filling the propagation path with spherical bubbles of varying sizes and refractive index discontinuities statistically distributed according to various models. The level of turbulence is increased by elongating the range and/or increasing the number of bubbles that the rays interact with along their path. For each statistical representation of the atmosphere, the trajectories of two parallel rays separated by a particular distance are analyzed and computed simultaneously using geometrical optics. The three-dimensional geometry of the spheres is taken into account in the propagation of the rays. The bubble model is used to calculate the correlation between the two rays as their separation distance changes. The total distance traveled by each ray as both rays travel to the target is computed. The difference in the path length traveled will yield the phase difference between the rays. The mean square phase difference is taken to be the phase structure function which in the literature, for a pair of collimated parallel pencil thin rays, obeys a five-third law assuming weak turbulence. All simulation results will be compared with the predictions of wave theory.

Proceedings Article | 25 September 2013 Paper

Geometrical Monte Carlo simulation of atmospheric turbulence

Demet Yuksel, Heba Yuksel

Proceedings Volume 8874, 88740U (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024390

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric propagation, Turbulence, Phase shifts, Monte Carlo methods, Atmospheric modeling, Refractive index, Spherical lenses, Geometrical optics, Laser beam propagation, Atmospheric optics

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Atmospheric turbulence has a significant impact on the quality of a laser beam propagating through the atmosphere over long distances. Turbulence causes intensity scintillation and beam wander from propagation through turbulent eddies of varying sizes and refractive index. This can severely impair the operation of target designation and Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications systems. In addition, experimenting on an FSO communication system is rather tedious and difficult. The interferences of plentiful elements affect the result and cause the experimental outcomes to have bigger error variance margins than they are supposed to have. Especially when we go into the stronger turbulence regimes the simulation and analysis of the turbulence induced beams require delicate attention. We propose a new geometrical model to assess the phase shift of a laser beam propagating through turbulence. The atmosphere along the laser beam propagation path will be modeled as a spatial distribution of spherical bubbles with refractive index discontinuity calculated from a Gaussian distribution with the mean value being the index of air. For each statistical representation of the atmosphere, the path of rays will be analyzed using geometrical optics. These Monte Carlo techniques will assess the phase shift as a summation of the phases that arrive at the same point at the receiver. Accordingly, there would be dark and bright spots at the receiver that give an idea regarding the intensity pattern without having to solve the wave equation. The Monte Carlo analysis will be compared with the predictions of wave theory.

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