Our report details a novel approach using polarization holography for the precise detection of vector vortex beams' (VVBs) polarization distribution. We will discuss multiple methodologies facilitated by this technique, offering insights into VVBs' characterization. Upon successful detection, we extract the VVBs' polarization states, allowing for their accurate placement on the Poincaré sphere. The obtained results affirm polarization holography's potential as an effective alternative to conventional measurement methods. This advancement propels polarization holography towards widespread adoption in optical component processing.
Polarization holography is a newly researched field, that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. The extraordinary capabilities in modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications, such as holographic data storage technology, polarization multiplexing, vector or vortex beams, and optical functional devices. In this paper, fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized light, a component of the theory of polarization holography, has been reviewed. Primarily, the effect of various polarization changes on the linear and nonlinear polarization characteristics of reconstructed light wave under continuous exposure and during holographic recording and reconstruction have been focused upon. The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities, rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in many fields of applications.
Although polarization holography introduces polarization dimensions, it is well known that polarization has only two orthogonal dimensions, and the expansion of recording capabilities is limited. Therefore, we introduce the polarization encoding for theoretical analysis and calculation, the orthogonal polarization array of arbitrary dimensions is obtained. Assuming that the n-dimensional vectors Q1, Q2, …, and Qx are a group of non-zero vectors that are orthogonal to each other in the orthogonal polarization array. The Schmidt orthogonalization method is used to expand the column vector group of the n-dimensional orthogonal polarization array into a set of canonical orthogonal basis of the space Kn. During the experiment, when the signal S1 is recorded with Q1, it can be faithfully reconstructed with Q1, while it shows null reconstruction with Q2 or Qx. By analogy, multiple recording and independent reconstruction experiments are carried out successively.
The old theory of polarization holography is based on Jones matrix formalism, where the angle between two lights to be interfered each other should be small, and the results are limited under the paraxial approximation. However, since the tensor theory of polarization holography was proposed, the research of polarized holography has become hot, and has made a lot of new progress. There are also many researching works of reconstruction characteristics have been reported. One of the examples is that multi-channel recording was applied to data storage high density recording. In this paper, the representative works are introduced.
Linear polarization holography based on tensor theory has yielded numerous intriguing discoveries and applications. Utilizing theories such as null reconstruction, applications beneficial for holographic optical storage have been realized, with dual-channel polarization multiplexing being one of them. However, previous research has found deviations in the grayscale ratios on reconstructed images compared to original images, especially when uploading grayscale images with higher levels, such as 4-level grayscale images. This study conduct experiments using different recording methods to identify the source of grayscale crosstalk from a single test image. The results indicate that the recording modes, whether co-polarized or orthogonal polarized, do not significantly disrupt amplitude recording.
Vector vortex beams (VVBs) have attracted world’s attention due to its promise of unprecedented capabilities for applications. It is important that develop an easy and feasible method to character the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of polarization of VVB. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the polarization distribution of arbitrary vector vortex beams using polarization holography. The experimental results show that the results measured by polarization holography for VVBs are basically similar to those measured by the conventional method. We believe that polarization holography is expected to become a popular optical component processing technology in future.
There are many ways to realize null reconstruction in polarization holography, which can be divided into two types. One is the null reconstruction without exposure response coefficient constraint, and the other is the null reconstruction limited by the exposure response coefficient. On the basis of previous studies, we have further studied these two types of null reconstruction, and obtained the necessary conditions for realizing the two types of null reconstruction under arbitrary interference angle and polarization state.
In Big Data era, holographic data storage has become a good candidate recording technology, because of there are not only large storage capacities, but also high transfer rates. However, the realized capacity of it has a big gap to the theory. Polarization holography, a newly researched field, with the extraordinary capabilities in modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications, such as holographic storage technology, multichannel polarization multiplexing, vector beams, and optical functional devices. In this paper, the fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized light, a component of the theory of polarization holography, has been introduced. The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities, rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in a novel method for increasing the capacity of holographic data storage has been provided.
Polarization holography has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. By introducing the polarization characteristics of light into conventional holography, more degrees of freedom can be provided to control optical information. Based on the polarization modulation of polarization hologram, we propose a method to realize bifocal-polarization holographic lens in volume hologram. Two foci can be generated simultaneously or separately by changing the polarization state of the reading wave. The material used is a PQ/PMMA polarization sensitive medium, the thickness is 1.5mm. The bifocal-polarization holographic lens has 112 mm clear aperture and 446mm focal length.
Amplitude-modulated collinear holographic data storage technology has high storage density, fast data transfer rate and stable system. The key to realizing system operation is to decode the amplitude code quickly and correctly. We proposed a decoding method based on 3:16 amplitude code. We used the convolution calculation to locate the sync mark point of every sub-page in the data page quickly and calculated the magnification rates among sub-pages to get the correct sub-page image segmentation. Taking the bit error rate as the evaluation standard, we verified our method successfully in different image quality.
KEYWORDS: Holography, Polarization, Dielectric polarization, Multiplexing, Camera shutters, Diffraction, Photonics, Dielectrics, Wavelength division multiplexing, Signal to noise ratio
The null reconstruction can be used to realize multi-channel recording, thereby improves the storage capacity. In this work, phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer (PQ/PMMA) that is sensitive to the polarized wave, is used as the recording medium. To better reach the null reconstruction, we need to control exposure time and intensity in the recording stage. By adopting the suitable experimental parameters, the crosstalk between the two holograms is negligible. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the ratio of optical powers of the signal wave to that of reference wave is 1:8-1:10, the exposure time is about 12 minutes, and the optimal signal-to-noise ratio can reach 21:1.
In this letter, we employ vector wave polarization holography theory based on the dielectric tensor description. Newly developed vector wave polarized holography theory breaks up the limitation of paraxial approximation in polarization holograms. Various interesting phenomena have been investigated, the faithful reconstruction is of particular significance. The faithful reconstruction (FR) effect indicates that the polarization state of the reconstruction wave is identical to that of the signal wave, it can be achieved process when the intensity and polarization holographic grating attained a balance during after exposure. The FR property related to the linearly, circularly and elliptically polarization is investigated in our previous work. In our experiment, the recording medium we use is the bulk polarization holographic recording material of phenanthrenequinone-doped polymethyl methacrylate photopolymer (PQ-PMMA). The mixed mass ratio of methyl methacrylate (MMA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) are 100:1:1. Under the cross-angle of π/2 inside the recording media, the polarized holographic reconstruction of the circular polarization recorded by a horizontal linear polarization wave is calculated. It is found that the circularly polarized signal can be faithful reconstruction by arbitrarily polarized reading waves. However, when the polarization of the reading wave is orthogonal to the polarization of the reference wave, it will occur the null reconstruction (NR). The FR technology will provide a simpler and more effective method for a circular polarization generator. At the same time, the NR technology can quickly detect that the polarized wave is vertical polarization.
Based on tensor polarization holography, the variation of exposure response coefficient with the increase of exposure energy under different recording process is introduced in this paper. We find that different recording processes have different effects on the exposure response coefficient. However, at the beginning of exposure, there is an initial value of the exposure response coefficient independent of the holographic recording process. With this special phenomenon, polarization modulation of reconstructed wave can be easily realized at low exposure energy, such as faithful reconstruction, orthogonal reconstruction and null reconstruction.
Polarization holography has great potential in Ultra-high-definition (UHD) information diplay and data storage. Due to the faithful reconstruction in polarization holography, the storage capacity is further improved easily. In this paper, a device for generating vector vortex beam is demonstrated using the faithful reconstruction characteristics. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that the helical phase order corresponding to different polarization states is different in the transmission process. It shows the independence of vector vortex beam propagation. This method has a certain research space in optical storage, and application prospect in optical micromanipulation optical tweezers.
Phase-modulated holographic data storage shows a great prospect in Ultra-high-definition (UHD) information display and data storage due to its higher capacity than amplitude modulation. However, the phase reconstruction is more sensitive to noise in the spectrum plane. In this paper, we proposed to use the low-depth camera to obtain the spectral intensity of the reconstructed beam, and used iterative Fourier transform algorithm to retrieve phase. Simulation and experiment show that this method has stronger noise suppression performance.
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