Carbon-doped In2O3 and carbon-doped WO3 films were produced using a spray pyrolysis methodology with octanoic
acid as the carbon dopant source. C-doped and undoped In2O3 films showed a cubic polycrystalline In2O3 structure, and
C-doped and undoped WO3 films displayed a monoclinic polycrystalline WO3 structure. C-doped In2O3 and WO3,
compared to their corresponding undoped materials, showed increased absorption in the 350-550 nm range with a red
shift in the band gap transition. The presence of carbonate-type species in these C-doped samples was confirmed by
XPS. The photoelectrochemical activity was evaluated under near UV-visible light and visible light only irradiation
conditions. Under the same irradiation conditions, C-doped In2O3 and C-doped WO3 electrodes produced greater
photocurrent densities than their corresponding undoped electrodes. The C-doped In2O3 electrode exhibited photocurrent
densities up to 1 mA/cm2, with 40% from visible light irradiation, and the C-doped WO3 electrode showed photocurrent
densities up to 1.3 mA/cm2, with 50% from visible light irradiation. These results indicate the potential for further
development of In2O3 and WO3 photocatalysts by simple wet chemical methods, and provide useful information towards
understanding the structure and enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of these materials.
Transient infrared methods are used to observe directly fast reactions and vibrational relaxation processes in solution with high spectral resolution. Bimolecular reactions of the CN radical are observed following photolysis of ICN in chloroform. The CN radicals react with solvent molecules to form HCN. In the deuterated solvent, some of the nascent DCN molecules are formed in a vibrationally excited state, which constitutes the first-observation of vibrationally excited products in a condensed phase bimolecular reaction. In a second experiment, photolysis of s-tetrazine in solution creates vibrationally hot HCN in a unimolecular reaction. Deuterated s-tetrazine creates an initially inverted vibrational distribution of DCN products. Both experiments indicate that the dynamics of reactive barrier crossings and vibrational energy redistribution are significantly altered upon solvation.
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