Channel optical waveguides with spatial optical modulation of their parameters and one-dimensional phase diffraction
gratings are generated by laser radiation with wavelengths of 450 and 532 nm within lithium niobate surface layers
doped with iron, copper, and their combinations. The characteristics of induced elements are studied by diffraction of
light with wavelengths 532 and 633 nm. Formation of photorefractive channel waveguides along forbidden by
photorefractive properties of lithium niobate direction using point-by-point exposure of its photorefractive surface is
experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that phase diffraction gratings are optically induced only within the crystal
surface part doped with photorefractive impurities in studied crystal samples. The dependence of diffraction grating
thickness on wavelength of writing light is also demonstrated and explained by distinction of optical absorption within
doped layer for light waves of different wavelengths.
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