While paper-based rapid tests are abundantly used in medicine, their performance is limited by the poor limit of detection and binary response of the test. We have previously shown that interpreting rapid tests based on laser-induced photothermal responses can offer over an order magnitude improvement in test performance. This work reports on miniaturization of our photothermal sensing paradigm in a low-cost handheld device and its field validations. The hand-held device excites assay gold nanoparticles with a modulated, low-power LED while recording their thermal wave responses with low-cost single-element sensors. An Arduino-based processor demodulates thermal wave responses while offering internet-of-things capability. Results from a human study on detection and quantification of Cannabis consumption will also be presented and discussed.
KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Gold nanoparticles, Modeling, Data modeling, COVID 19, Surface plasmons, Diseases and disorders, Design and modelling, Demodulation, Control systems
Performance of paper-based rapid tests is limited by their poor limit of detection and binary response. We have developed a low-cost end-user device that overcomes the classic limitations of rapid tests. The Arduino-based hand-held device excites rapid test gold nanoparticles with modulated 532nm LED while recording their thermal wave response with low-cost thermometer ICs. Validation studies on COVID-19 antibodies and THC (psychoactive constituent of cannabis) in saliva demonstrates ability of the innovation in quantifying analyte concentrations and enhancing the limit of detection by over an order of magnitude.
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