The ability to non-invasively monitor in-vivo the human muscle and adipose tissue is of great practical use and hence of growing interest in the fields of clinical diagnostics and preventive medicine. Optical methods, such as diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) applied in the near-infrared spectral region could be of great interest in clinical scenario. In this work, we present a pilot study based on multi-distance broadband time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD DOS) to characterize in vivo the subcutaneous adipose tissue (abdominal region) and the vastus lateralis muscle (thigh region). The study was performed using a fully automated portable TD DOS instrument on a set of 24 healthy adult volunteers. The optical properties of these two tissue types were obtained over the broad wavelength range of 600-1100 nm. The results suggest a clear influence of the stratified nature of the two regions considered, namely the abdomen and thigh, on the recovered optical properties. This work demonstrates how multi-distance broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy could be complimentary in fields like the non-invasive spectroscopy of adipose tissue and the standard DOS-based muscle oximetry.
KEYWORDS: Absorption, Scattering, Tissues, Diffuse optical spectroscopy, Data modeling, Tissue optics, In vivo imaging, Optical properties, Abdomen, Medicine
A periodic monitoring of the adipose tissue functions due to interventions, such as calorie restriction and bariatric surgery, or pathophysiological processes, has an increasing relevance in clinical diagnostics. Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (DOS) is a valuable non-invasive tool that can be used in that direction. In this work, we present a pilot study based on Time Domain Broadband Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (TD DOS) to characterize in vivo the subcutaneous fat tissue in the abdominal region. A first of its kind, portable TD DOS instrumentation, already enrolled in clinical studies, was used. Three healthy male volunteers were considered. Three source-detector separation distances (1, 2, and 3 cm) were used over the broad wavelength range of 600-1100 nm. The analysis was performed using a method based on a heterogeneous model to account for the multi-layered nature of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and to obtain the optical properties specific to this fat localization. Inter-subject variation of tissue composition data was observed.
We investigated depth heterogeneity in the abdomen using time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy at 3 source-detector distances, finding a higher water content in shallower regions, possibly ascribed to fat heterogeneity and/or skin contributions.
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