This work considers a series of numerical experiments to identify the direct role of the sea ice reduction process in forming climatic trends in the northern hemisphere. We used two more or less independent mechanisms of ice reduction. The first is traditionally associated with increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from the historic level of 360 ppm to the level corresponding to the maximum concentration in implementing the mildest scenario RCP 2.6 - 450 ppm. Due to this growth, the average air temperature in the Arctic increases, and, by this, the ice volume decreases. The second mechanism is associated with a decrease in the reflectivity of ice and snow. As a result, the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the ice increases while the ice volume decreases. We assume that comparing the results of these two experiments allows us to judge the direct role of ice reduction, regardless of the reasons that caused this reduction.
In this paper we consider the influence of various parametrizations of aerosol-cloud-interaction on the total solar radiation and cloud transmission at the earth's surface according to the INMCM5 model. Several 10-year numerical experiments were carried out with/without three parametrizations of this interaction. In addition, numerical experiments with different emissions of aerosol precursor gases for 1980 and 2005 were performed. We show that the account for aerosol particles in aerosol-cloud interaction leads to an increase in the cloudiness by an average of 0.1 and a decrease in the total radiation by 25 W/m2. As a result, there is a decrease in the air temperature by an average of 2 degrees for all months of the year. This result confirms the theoretical assumptions about the increase of the cloud albedo effect with a decrease in the effective radius of the particles. However, numerical experiments with different emissions of aerosol precursor gases for 2005 and for 1980 revealed that at lower emissions there is a decrease in cloud transmission and an increase in the cloudiness. The probable causes of the observed effect are discussed.
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