KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Sensors, Systems modeling, Information fusion, Data storage, Filtering (signal processing), Satellites, Analytics, Control systems, Motion models
Recent trends in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), dynamic data driven application systems (DDDAS), and cloud computing provide opportunities for enhancing multidomain systems performance. The DDDAS framework utilizes models, measurements, and computation to enhance real-time sensing, performance, and analysis. One example the represents a multi-domain scenario is “fly-by-feel” avionics systems that can support autonomous operations. A "fly-by-feel" system measures the aerodynamic forces (wind, pressure, temperature) for physics-based adaptive flight control to increase maneuverability, safety and fuel efficiency. This paper presents a multidomain approach that identifies safe flight operation platform position needs from which models, data, and information are invoked for effective multidomain control. Concepts are presented to demonstrate the DDDAS approach for enhanced multi-domain coordination bringing together modeling (data at rest), control (data in motion) and command (data in use).
In many sensing applications that monitor extreme environmental conditions within sealed metallic vessels,
penetrating vessel walls in order to feed through power and data cables is impractical, as this may compromise a
vessels structural integrity and its environmental isolation. Frequent servicing of sensing equipment within these
environments is costly, so the use of batteries is strongly undesired and power harvesting techniques are preferred.
Traditional electromagnetic power delivery and communication techniques, however, are highly ineffective in
these applications, due to Faraday shielding effects from the metallic vessel walls. A viable, non-destructive
alternative is to use piezoelectric materials to transmit power through thick metallic barriers acoustically. We
present critical elements of a high-temperature battery-less sensor system prototype, including power harvesting,
voltage regulation, and data communication circuitry able to operate up to 260°C. Power transmission is achieved
by coaxially aligning a pair of high-temperature piezoelectric transducers on opposite sides of a thick steel barrier.
Continuous-wave excitation of the outside transducer creates an acoustic beam that is captured by the opposite
transducer, forming an acoustic-electric link for power harvesting circuitry. Simultaneously, sensor data can be
transmitted out of the high-temperature environment by switching the electrical impedance placed across the
leads of the inside transducer, creating a reflection-based amplitude modulated signal on the outside transducer.
Transducer housing, loading, and alternatives for acoustic couplants are discussed. Measurement results are
presented, and it was found that the system can harvest up to 1 watt of power and communicate sensor data up
to 50 kbps, while operating at 260°C.
In many commercial, industrial, and military applications, supplying power to electronics through a thick metallic
barrier without compromising its structural integrity would provide tremendous advantages over many existing
barrier-penetrating techniques. The Faraday shielding presented by thick metallic barriers prevents the use of
electromagnetic power-transmission techniques. This work describes the electrical optimization of continuouswave
power delivery through thick steel barriers using ultrasound. Ultrasonic channels are formed by attaching
pairs of coaxially-aligned piezoelectric transducers to opposite sides of thick steel blocks. The thickness of the steel
considered is on the order of, or greater than, one quarter wavelength of the acoustic power signal inside of steel,
requiring the use of wave propagation theory to properly analyze the system. A characterization and optimization
methodology is presented which measures the linear two-port electrical scattering parameters of the transducersteel-
transducer channel. Using these measurements, the simultaneous conjugate impedance-matching conditions
at both transducers are calculated, and electrical matching-networks are designed to optimize the power transfer
from a 50Ω power amplifier on one side of the steel block to a 50Ω load on the opposite side. In addition, the
impacts of, and interactions between, transducer and steel geometries are discussed, and some general guidelines
for selecting their relationships are presented. Measurements of optimized systems using transducers designed
to resonate at 1 MHz with diameters from 12.7 mm to 66.7 mm, and steel block thicknesses from 9.5 mm to
63.5 mm, reveal power transfer efficiencies as high as 55%, and linear delivery of 81 watts through an optimized
channel.
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