Daniel Iancu, Hua Ye, Murugappan Senthilvelan, Vladimir Kotlyar, John Glossner, Mayan Moudgill, Sitij Agrawal, Sanjay Jinturkar, Andrei Iancu, Vaidyanathan Ramadurai, Gary Nacer, Stuart Stanley, Mihai Sima, Jarmo Takala
KEYWORDS: Digital signal processing, Signal processing, Video, Analog electronics, Filtering (signal processing), Televisions, Composites, RGB color model, Receivers, LCDs
This paper describes a device capable of performing the following tasks: it samples and decodes the composite video
analog TV signal, it encodes the resulting RGB data into a MPEG-4 stream and sends it over a WiMAX link. On the
other end of the link a similar device receives the WiMAX signal, in either TDD or FDD mode, decodes the MPEG data
and displays it on the LCD display. The device can be a hand held device, such as a mobile phone or a PDA. The
algorithms for the analog TV, WiMAX physical layer, WiMAX MAC and the MPEG encoder/decoder are executed
entirely in software in real time, using the Sandbridge Technologies' low power SB3011 digital signal processor. The
SB3011 multithreaded digital signal processor includes four DSP cores with eight threads each, and one ARM processor.
The execution of the algorithms requires the entire four cores for the FDD mode. The WiMAX MAC is executed on the
ARM processor.
KEYWORDS: Visualization, Light sources and illumination, Computer graphics, 3D image processing, Digital signal processing, 3D modeling, 3D applications, Computer engineering, Personal digital assistants, 3D displays
In order to support a broad dynamic range and a high degree of precision, many of 3D renderings fundamental algorithms have been traditionally performed in floating-point. However, fixed-point data representation is preferable over floating-point representation in graphics applications on embedded devices where performance is of paramount importance, while the dynamic range and precision requirements are limited due to the small display sizes (current PDA's are 640 × 480 (VGA), while cell-phones are even smaller). In this paper we analyze the efficiency of a CORDIC-augmented Sandbridge
processor when implementing a vertex processor in software using fixed-point arithmetic. A CORDIC-based solution for vertex processing exhibits a number of advantages over classical Multiply-and-Acumulate solutions. First, since a single primitive is used to describe the computation, the code can easily be vectorized and multithreaded, and thus fits the major Sandbridge architectural features. Second, since a CORDIC iteration consists of only a shift operation followed by an addition, the computation may be deeply pipelined. Initially, we outline the Sandbridge architecture extension which encompasses a CORDIC functional unit and the associated instructions. Then, we consider rigid-body rotation, lighting, exponentiation, vector normalization, and perspective division (which are some of the most important data-intensive 3D graphics kernels) and propose a scheme to implement them on the CORDIC-augmented Sandbridge processor. Preliminary results indicate that the performance improvement within the extended instruction set ranges from 3× to 10× (with the exception of rigid body rotation).
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.