In present paper we discuss the role of interaction between the pump and generation waves in a fiber laser with randomly distributed feedback due to weak Rayleigh backscattering, operating in the ultra-narrow regime, observed just above the generation threshold. Spectrum in this case consists of narrow (less than 1 MHz) modes, having typical lifetime of 1 ms, decomposing through the nonlinear interaction processes. We demonstrate that cross-phase modulation between narrow mode and the pump wave can lead to demolition of the first if the walk-off length is big enough. Therefore, ultra-narrow regime is dependent on fiber dispersion, as it defines the walk-off parameter of the fiber. Comparison with the experiment proves our conclusion: in random lasers, based on fibers with low dispersion, no narrow generation occurs, while for fibers with larger dispersion coefficient it is steadily observed.
We present study of polarization properties of the narrow modes, generated in random Raman fiber lasers near the generation threshold. For this purpose, time and polarization resolved spectral measurements based on optical heterodyning technique were implemented, that allow reconstruction of the ratio of vertical and horizontal projections of the electrical field during the mode generation process. We revealed that modes have high degree of polarization, with the slow change of its state during the mode lifetime. Moreover, it appeared that each mode has its own randomly appeared state of polarization, even when the several modes are generated simultaneously.
We present a new design of a random Raman fiber laser that allows to generate narrow spectral peaks with a high rate, based on a multimode gradient fiber as a media composing the cavity. The proposed scheme is simple for implementation and analysis. We carry out spectral measurements using optical heterodyning technique by projecting multimode radiation onto the fundamental mode of a standard single-mode fiber. The measurements confirmed the presence of localized ultra-narrow short-lived modes. Compared with single-mode fiber based random Raman lasers, the number of localized modes observed per unit time in a given spectral range is significantly higher.
In present paper we employ numerical simulation, based on solution of system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, for demonstration of the possibility of ultra-narrow spectral generation in a Raman fiber laser with randomly distributed feedback. Line spectrum formation is caused by weak optical feedback due to Rayleigh backscattering if its impact overweighs the effects of nonlinear interactions. This can be observed either near the generation threshold, where generation power is low, or well above the threshold in case of artificially lowered nonlinear coefficient. Our simulation agrees well with previous experimental observations of ultra-narrow spectral modes in random fiber laser.
Spectral properties of Raman fiber lasers with randomly distributed feedback well above generation threshold are mainly defined by nonlinear interactions in the fiber. The role of randomly distributed feedback hence is expected to be negligible, though this problem has not been investigated particularly. We numerically study spectral properties of a random fiber laser and a corresponding fiber amplifier with no feedback and emphasize the importance of Rayleigh backscattering: having marginal influence on generation efficiency, it affects the generation spectrum shape and width.
In present paper correlations between different parts of spectrum of a fiber laser with randomly distributed feedback (RDFL) were experimentally measured directly. Implemented statistical analysis demonstrate weak cross-correlations between different lines in generation spectrum. These correlations were vizualized by plotting 2-D probability density functions. Linear correlation coefficient (Pearson coefficient) was calculated for each pair of spectrum lines.
In the present paper we numerically study instrumental impact on statistical properties of quasi-CW Raman fiber laser
using a simple model of multimode laser radiation. Effects, that have the most influence, are limited electrical bandwidth
of measurement equipment and noise. To check this influence, we developed a simple model of the multimode quasi-
CW generation with exponential statistics (i.e. uncorrelated modes). We found that the area near zero intensity in
probability density function (PDF) is strongly affected by both factors, for example both lead to formation of a negative
wing of intensity distribution. But far wing slope of PDF is not affected by noise and, for moderate mismatch between
optical and electrical bandwidth, is only slightly affected by bandwidth limitation. The generation spectrum often
becomes broader at higher power in experiments, so the spectral/electrical bandwidth mismatch factor increases over the
power that can lead to artificial dependence of the PDF slope over the power. It was also found that both effects
influence the ACF background level: noise impact decreases it, while limited bandwidth leads to its increase.
In the present paper we experimentally demonstrate a generation in a short Raman fiber laser having 10 000 different
longitudinal modes only. We design the laser using 12 meters of commercially available fiber. Contrary to the recently
demonstrated single longitudinal mode DFB Raman laser and short DBR Raman laser, in the laser under study the
number of modes is high enough for efficient nonlinear interactions. Experimentally measured time dynamics reveals the
presence of mode correlations in the radiation: the measured extreme events lasts for more than 10 round-trips.
We present the numerical study of the statistical properties of the partially coherent quasi-CW high-Q cavity
Raman fiber laser. The statistical properties are different for the radiation generated at the spectrum center or
spectral wings. It is found that rare extreme events are generated at the far spectral wings at one pass only. The
mechanism of the extreme events generation is a turbulent-like four-wave mixing of numerous longitudinal
generation modes. The similar mechanism of extreme waves appearance during the laser generation could be
important in other types of fiber lasers.
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