High-quality image products in an X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging (XPCI) system can be produced with proper system hardware and data acquisition. However, it may be possible to further increase the quality of the image products by addressing subtleties and imperfections in both hardware and the data acquisition process. Noting that addressing these issues entirely in hardware and data acquisition may not be practical, a more prudent approach is to determine the balance of how the apparatus may reasonably be improved and what can be accomplished with image post-processing techniques. Given a proper signal model for XPCI data, image processing techniques can be developed to compensate for many of the image quality degradations associated with higher-order hardware and data acquisition imperfections. However, processing techniques also have limitations and cannot entirely compensate for sub-par hardware or inaccurate data acquisition practices. Understanding system and image processing technique limitations enables balancing between hardware, data acquisition, and image post-processing. In this paper, we present some of the higher-order image degradation effects we have found associated with subtle imperfections in both hardware and data acquisition. We also discuss and demonstrate how a combination of hardware, data acquisition processes, and image processing techniques can increase the quality of XPCI image products. Finally, we assess the requirements for high-quality XPCI images and propose reasonable system hardware modifications and the limits of certain image processing techniques.
We report on the design, modeling, calibration, and experimental results of a LWIR, spectrally and temporally resolved broad band bi-directional reflectance distribution function measuring device. The system is built using a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, which presents challenges due to relatively low power output compared to laser based methods. The instrument is designed with a sample area that is oriented normal to gravity, making the device suitable for measuring loose powder materials, liquids, or other samples that can be difficult to measure in a vertical orientation. The team built a radiometric model designed to understand the trade space available for various design choices as well as to predict instrument success at measuring the target materials. The radiometric model was built by using the output of commercial non sequential raytracing tools combined with a scripted simulation of the interferometer. The trade space identified in this analysis will be presented.
The design was based on moving periscopes with custom off axis parabolas to focus the light onto the sample. The system assembly and alignment will be discussed. The calibration method used for the sensor will be detailed, and preliminary measurements from this research sensor will be presented.
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