A compact optical alignment structure and a novel beam-tracing method were proposed for tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS) based gas measurements, in order to minimize sensor size and ease beam alignment procedure. A near-infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor system was developed based on the alignment structure. A distributed feedback (DFB) laser centered at 6361.3 cm-1 and a multi-pass gas cell (MPGC) with an effective optical path length of 29.8 m were employed. The sensor system was integrated as standalone equipment by customizing an aluminum baseplate for a stable field operation. A series of experiments were carried out to assess the performance of the sensor system. A limit of detection (LoD) of ~ 7.1 parts-per-million in volume (ppmv) at a 0.4 s averaging time was obtained, and the LoD was reduced to ~ 277 parts-per-billion in volume (ppbv) at an optimum averaging time of 153.6 s. Considering gas mixing times, the rise and fall time were measured to be ~ 290 s and ~ 200 s, respectively.
Diamond turning assisted by fast tool servo is of high efficiency for the fabrication of freeform optics. This paper describes a long-stroke fast tool servo to obtain a large-amplitude tool motion. It has the advantage of low cost and higher stiffness and natural frequency than other flexure-based long-stroke fast tool servo systems. The fast tool servo is actuated by a voice coil motor and guided by a flexure-hinge structure. Open-loop and close-loop control tests are conducted on the testing platform. While fast tool servo system is an additional motion axis for a diamond turning machine, a tool center adjustment method is described to confirm tool center position in the machine tool coordinate system when the fast tool servo system is fixed on the diamond turning machine. Last, a sinusoidal surface is machined and the results demonstrate that the tool adjustment method is efficient and precise for a flexure-based fast tool servo system, and the fast tool servo system works well on the fabrication of freeform optics.
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