Dr. Avraham R. Fraenkel Profile

Dr. Avraham R. Fraenkel

at SCD SemiConductor Devices

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (33)

Proceedings Article | 13 June 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

SWIFT EI: event-based SWIR sensor for tactical applications

R. Fraenkel, C. Jakobson, N. Ben Ari, R. Dobromislin, N. Shiloah, M. Goldfarb, L. Langof, O. Ofer, R. Elishkov, E. Shunem, M. Labilov, M. Alcheck, E. Almog, M. Nitzani, Y. Karni, T. Markovitz, O. Dicker, B. Milgrom

Proceedings Volume 12534, 1253405 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663026

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Readout integrated circuits, Pulsed laser operation, Video, Quantum channels, Video processing, Staring arrays, Pulse signals

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Proceedings Article | 27 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Event-based SWIR sensor

Claudio Jakobson, Rami Fraenkel, Nimrod Ben Ari, Roman Dobromislin, Niv Shiloah, Tomer Argov, Willie Freiman, Gal Zohar, Lidia Langof, Oren Ofer, Rahel Elishkov, Edan Shunem, Michael Labilov, Menashe Alcheck, Yiftah Kalfa, Michal Nitzani, Yoram Karni, Itay Shtrichman, Tuvy Markovitz

Proceedings Volume 12107, 1210704 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618290

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Imaging systems, Pulsed laser operation, Machine vision, Indium gallium arsenide

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Type II superlattice detectors at SCD

P. Klipstein, Y. Benny, Y. Cohen, N. Fraenkel, R. Fraenkel, S. Gliksman, A. Glozman, I. Hirsch, O. Klin, L. Langof, I. Lukomsky, I. Marderfeld, B. Milgrom, H. Nahor, M. Nitzani, D. Rakhmilevich, L. Shkedy, N. Snapi, I. Shtrichman, E. Weiss, N. Yaron

Proceedings Volume 11741, 117410N (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584601

KEYWORDS: Superlattices, Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Quantum efficiency, Staring arrays, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Diffusion, Structural engineering, Photodiodes

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The InAs/InSb/GaSb/AlSb family of III-V alloys and superlattice materials offer unique possibilities for band structure engineering, because they can be grown on GaSb or InSb substrates with high quality and satisfactory control of strain, doping and composition. The band profiles and oscillator strengths are also quite predictable, enabling full simulation of detector performance from a basic knowledge of layer and stack thicknesses. In conventional III-V p-n devices, Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) traps generate a significant flow of thermal carriers in the device depletion region. At SCD, we have overcome this problem by developing XBn and XBp barrier device architectures that suppress these depletion currents, leading to higher operating temperatures or lower dark currents. Our first barrier detector product was launched in 2013 and operates at 150K. It uses a mid-wave infrared (MWIR) XBn device with an InAsSb absorber well matched to the most transparent of the atmospheric windows, at wavelengths between 3 and 4.2μm. However to span the full MWIR and to sense the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum, we have investigated InAs/GaSb type II superlattices (T2SLs), because they offer full tunability. In this work we show that minority carriers in n-type T2SLs are localized and diffuse by variable range hopping, even when the period is short and the valence miniband has a width of 30-40 meV. Unfortunately, this leads to sub-micron diffusion lengths and a low quantum efficiency (QE) of ~20% in a full MWIR XBn device. On the other hand, p-type layers exhibit “metallic” minority carrier transport with much longer diffusion lengths, typically ~7 μm in our LWIR device layers. The successful development of p-type devices has led to our second barrier detector product, which uses an XBp LWIR T2SL and operates at 77K with a cut-off wavelength of 9.5 μm, a focal plane array (FPA) QE of ~50% and background limited performance up to ~90K at F/3. Moreover, the FPA operability is typically above 99.5%, based on stringent production-line criteria. Together with high spatial uniformity and good temporal stability, these barrier detectors are already a realistic alternative to MCT photodiode arrays, and further products operating at other wavelengths will be launched in due course.

Proceedings Article | 12 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Performance of low noise InGaAs detector

O. Ofer, R. Elishkova, R. Friedman, I. Hirsh, L. Langof, M. Nitzani, Y. Reem, C. Jakobson, I. Pivnik, E. Louzon, R. Fraenkel, B. Milgrom, I. Shtrichman

Proceedings Volume 11741, 1174108 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585674

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Indium gallium arsenide, Staring arrays, Short wave infrared radiation, High dynamic range imaging, Video, Readout integrated circuits, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Spatial and spectral filtering on focal plane arrays

Yoram Karni, Michal Nitzani, Eli Jacobsohn, Ilana Grimberg, Sivan Gliksman, Avihoo Giladi, Leonid Krasovitski, Eran Avnon, Itay Hirsh, Leonid Bikov, Inna Lukomsky, Lior Shkedy, Rami Fraenkel, Itay Shtrichman, Pilar Gonzalez, Andy Lambrechts

Proceedings Volume 10624, 106241H (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2299302

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Optical filters, Short wave infrared radiation, Cameras, Imaging systems, Image filtering, Modulation transfer functions, Hyperspectral imaging, High angular resolution imaging, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Development of low-SWaP and low-noise InGaAs detectors

R. Fraenkel, E. Berkowicz, L. Bikov, R. Elishkov, A. Giladi, I. Hirsh, E. Ilan, C. Jakobson, P. Kondrashov, E. Louzon, I. Nevo, I. Pivnik, A. Tuito, S. Vasserman

Proceedings Volume 10177, 1017703 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262112

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Gated imaging, Cadmium sulfide, Ceramics, Indium gallium arsenide, Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Infrared technology, Image intensifiers, Algorithm development, Infrared detectors, Staring arrays, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2016 Paper

Paper

High Definition 10μm pitch InGaAs detector with Asynchronous Laser Pulse Detection mode

R. Fraenkel, E. Berkowicz, L. Bykov, R. Dobromislin, R. Elishkov, A. Giladi, I. Grimberg, I. Hirsh, E. Ilan, C. Jacobson, I. Kogan, P. Kondrashov, I. Nevo, I. Pivnik, S. Vasserman

Proceedings Volume 9819, 981903 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222762

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Short wave infrared radiation, Quantum efficiency, Pulsed laser operation, Image resolution, Sensors, Staring arrays, Indium gallium arsenide, Infrared technology, Modulation transfer functions

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2016 Paper

Paper

Type II superlattice technology for LWIR detectors

P. Klipstein, E. Avnon, D. Azulai, Y. Benny, R. Fraenkel, A. Glozman, E. Hojman, O. Klin, L. Krasovitsky, L. Langof, I. Lukomsky, M. Nitzani, I. Shtrichman, N. Rappaport, N. Snapi, E. Weiss, A. Tuito

Proceedings Volume 9819, 98190T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222776

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Superlattices, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Quantum efficiency, Readout integrated circuits, Gallium antimonide, Polishing, Diffusion

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Proceedings Article | 4 June 2015 Paper

Paper

Type-II superlattice detector for long-wave infrared imaging

P. Klipstein, E. Avnon, Y. Benny, A. Fraenkel, A. Glozman, E. Hojman, E. Ilan, E. Kahanov, O. Klin, L. Langof, Y. Livneh, I. Lukomsky, M. Nitzani, L. Shkedy, I. Shtrichman, N. Snapi, R. Talmor, A. Tuito, S. Vaserman, E. Weiss

Proceedings Volume 9451, 94510K (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2175848

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Quantum efficiency, Long wavelength infrared, Superlattices, Readout integrated circuits, Mid-IR, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Diffusion, Diodes

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Proceedings Article | 24 June 2014 Paper

Paper

Cooled and uncooled infrared detectors for missile seekers

Rami Fraenkel, Jacob Haski, Udi Mizrahi, Lior Shkedy, Itay Shtrichman, Ephi Pinsky

Proceedings Volume 9070, 90700P (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050099

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Missiles, Staring arrays, Infrared detectors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Temperature metrology, Nonuniformity corrections, Infrared sensors, Mid-IR, Interference (communication)

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Proceedings Article | 24 June 2014 Paper

Paper

InAs/GaSb Type II superlattice barrier devices with a low dark current and a high-quantum efficiency

P. Klipstein, E. Avnon, Y. Benny, R. Fraenkel, A. Glozman, S. Grossman, O. Klin, L. Langoff, Y. Livneh, I. Lukomsky, M. Nitzani, L. Shkedy, I. Shtrichman, N. Snapi, A. Tuito, E. Weiss

Proceedings Volume 9070, 90700U (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049825

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, Diffusion, Sensors, Superlattices, Long wavelength infrared, Staring arrays, Mid-IR, Absorption, Indium arsenide, Diodes

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2013 Paper

Paper

Multifunction InGaAs detector with on-chip signal processing

Lior Shkedy, Rami Fraenkel, Tal Fishman, Avihoo Giladi, Leonid Bykov, Ilana Grimberg, Elad Ilan, Shay Vaserman , Alina Koifman

Proceedings Volume 8704, 87042I (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2015580

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Indium gallium arsenide, Readout integrated circuits, Staring arrays, Short wave infrared radiation, Quantum efficiency, Electronics, Diodes, Image quality, Capacitors

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2013 Paper

Paper

Low SWaP MWIR detector based on XBn focal plane array

P. Klipstein, Y. Gross, D. Aronov, M. ben Ezra, E. Berkowicz, Y. Cohen, R. Fraenkel, A. Glozman, S. Grossman, O. Klin, I. Lukomsky, T. Marlowitz, L. Shkedy, I. Shtrichman, N. Snapi, A. Tuito, M. Yassen, E. Weiss

Proceedings Volume 8704, 87041S (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2015747

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Mid-IR, Signal to noise ratio, Temperature metrology, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Atmospheric sensing, Diffusion, Gallium antimonide, Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2012 Paper

Paper

High operating temperature epi-InSb and XBn-InAsSb photodetectors

Itay Shtrichman, Daniel Aronov, Michael ben Ezra, Itzik Barkai, Eyal Berkowicz, Maya Brumer, Rami Fraenkel, Alex Glozman, Steve Grossman, Eli Jacobsohn, Olga Klin, Philip Klipstein, Inna Lukomsky, Lior Shkedy, Noam Snapi, Michael Yassen, Eliezer Weiss

Proceedings Volume 8353, 83532Y (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918324

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Diodes, Temperature metrology, Signal to noise ratio, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Mid-IR, Atmospheric optics, Diffusion, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2012 Paper

Paper

Advanced µ-bolometer detectors for high-end applications

U. Mizrahi, F. Schapiro, L. Bykov, A. Giladi, N. Shiloah, I. Pivnik, S. Elkind, S. Maayani, E. Mordechai, O. Farbman, Y. Hirsh, A. Twitto, M. Ben-Ezra, A. Fraenkel

Proceedings Volume 8353, 83531H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918095

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Staring arrays, Video, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Absorption, Target detection, Thermography, Readout integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2012 Paper

Paper

SCD's cooled and uncooled photo detectors for NIR SWIR

Rami Fraenkel, Daniel Aronov, Yael Benny, Eyal Berkowicz, Leonid Bykov, Zipi Calahorra, Tal Fishman, Avihoo Giladi, Elad Ilan, Philip Klipstein, Lidia Langof, Inna Lukomsky, David Mistele, Udi Mizrahi, Dan Nussinson, Avi Twitto, Michael Yassen, Ami Zemel

Proceedings Volume 8353, 835305 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918098

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Indium gallium arsenide, Staring arrays, Quantum efficiency, Diffusion, Absorption, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Readout integrated circuits, Gallium antimonide

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Proceedings Article | 21 January 2012 Paper

Paper

High operating temperature XBn-InAsSb bariode detectors

Philip Klipstein, Olga Klin, Steven Grossman, Noam Snapi, Inna Lukomsky, Michael Yassen, Daniel Aronov, Eyal Berkowitz, Alex Glozman, Osnat Magen, Itay Shtrichman, Rami Frenkel, Eliezer Weiss

Proceedings Volume 8268, 82680U (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910174

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Gallium antimonide, Diffusion, Staring arrays, Gallium arsenide, Solids, Readout integrated circuits, Quantum efficiency, Diodes, Single crystal X-ray diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2011 Paper

Paper

SCD's uncooled detectors and video engines for a wide-range of applications

A. Fraenkel, U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Giladi, N. Shiloah, S. Elkind, I. Kogan, S. Maayani, A. Amsterdam, I. Vaserman, O. Duman, Y. Hirsh, F. Schapiro, A. Tuito, M. Ben-Ezra

Proceedings Volume 8012, 801204 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.883108

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Video, Staring arrays, Digital signal processing, CMOS technology, Long wavelength infrared, Thermal weapon sites, Readout integrated circuits, Nonuniformity corrections

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Proceedings Article | 28 October 2010 Paper

Paper

Uncooled IR video engine for 17µm VOx µ bolometer: a modular open architecture approach

R. Gazit, A. Neboshchik, Y. Ben-Simon, I. Kogan, A. Aharon, I. Lerman, M. Katz, U. Mizrahi, S. Maayani, A. Amsterdam, I. Vaserman, O. Duman, F. Schapiro, A. Frenkel

Proceedings Volume 7834, 783406 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.865129

KEYWORDS: Video, Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Digital signal processing, Video processing, Image processing, Infrared imaging, Detection and tracking algorithms, Nonuniformity corrections, Analog electronics

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2010 Paper

Paper

New developments in SCD's 17-µm VOx µ-bolometer product line

U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Giladi, N. Shiloah, S. Elkind, T. Czyzewski, I. Kogan, S. Maayani, A. Amsterdam, I. Vaserman, Y. Hirsh, A. Fraenkel

Proceedings Volume 7660, 76600W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850705

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Analog electronics, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Video, Staring arrays, Detector development, Ceramics, Thermal weapon sites, Driver's vision enhancers

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2009 Paper

Paper

The architecture and performance of SCD's 17 µm pitch VO[sub]x[/sub] &mu-bolometer detector

A. Fraenkel, U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Giladi, N. Shiloah, S. Elkind, T. Czyzewski, I. Kogan, A. Amsterdam

Proceedings Volume 7298, 72980R (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.817355

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Image processing, Signal processing, Nonuniformity corrections, Very large scale integration, Human-machine interfaces, Detector development, Video

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2008 Paper

Paper

New features and development directions in SCD's μ-bolometer technology

U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Giladi, A. Adin, N. Shiloah, E. Malkinson, T. Czyzewski, A. Amsterdam, Y. Sinai, A. Fraenkel

Proceedings Volume 6940, 694020 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778588

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Staring arrays, Sensors, Video, Environmental sensing, Video surveillance, High dynamic range imaging, Image fusion, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2007 Paper

Paper

BIRD640: SCD's high sensitivity VGA VOx μ-bolometer detector

A. Fraenkel, U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Giladi, A. Adin, N. Shiloah, E. Malkinson, T. Czyzewski, A. Amsterdam, Y. Sinai

Proceedings Volume 6737, 67370U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.737075

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, High dynamic range imaging, Video surveillance, Video, Clocks, Amplifiers, Staring arrays, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2007 Paper

Paper

Large format and high sensitivity VO_x μ-bolometer detectors at SCD

U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Giladi, A. Adin, N. Shiloah, E. Malkinson, T. Czyzewski, D. Seter, A. Amsterdam, Y. Sinai, A. Fraenkel

Proceedings Volume 6542, 65421X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719198

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Readout integrated circuits, Cameras, Electronics, Thermography, Video, Calibration, Staring arrays, High dynamic range imaging

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2006 Paper

Paper

VO_x-based uncooled microbolometric detectors: recent developments at SCD

A. Fraenkel, U. Mizrahi, L. Bikov, A. Adin, E. Malkinson, A. Giladi, D. Seter, Z. Kopolovich

Proceedings Volume 6206, 62061C (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664020

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Staring arrays, Camera shutters, Annealing, Readout integrated circuits, Sun, Cameras, Electronics, Bolometers

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2005 Paper

Paper

Uncooled detectors optimized for unattended applications

E. Malkinson, A. Fraenkel, U. Mizrahi, M. Ben-Ezra, L. Bikov, A. Adin, Y. Zabar, D. Seter, Z. Kopolovich

Proceedings Volume 5978, 597816 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.632803

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Camera shutters, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Temperature metrology, Target detection, Unattended ground sensors, Target recognition, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Bolometers

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SCD has recently presented an uncooled detector product line based on the high-end VO_x bolometer technology. The first FPA launched, named BIRD - short for Bolometer Infra Red Detector, is a 384x288 (or 320x240) configurable format with 25μm pitch. Typical NETD values for these FPAs range at 50mK with an F/1 aperture and 60 Hz frame rate. These detectors also exhibit a relatively fast thermal time constant of approximately 10 msec, as reported previously. In this paper, the special features of BIRD optimized for unattended sensor applications are presented and discussed. Unattended surveillance using sensors on unattended aerial vehicles (UAV's) or micro air vehicles (MAV's) , unattended ground vehicles (UGV's) or unattended ground sensor (UGS) are growing applications for uncooled detectors. This is due to their low power consumption, low weight, negligible acoustic noise and reduced price. On the other hand, uncooled detectors are vulnerable to ambient drift. Even minor temperature fluctuations are manifested as fixed pattern noise (FPN). As a result, frequent, shutter operation must be applied, with the risk of blocking the scenery in critical time frames and loosing information for various scenarios. In order to increase the time span between shutter operations, SCD has incorporated various features within the FPA and supporting algorithms. This paper will discuss these features and present some illustrative examples. Minimum power consumption is another critical issue for unattended applications. SCD has addressed this topic by introducing the "Power Save" concept. For very low power applications or for TEC-less (Thermo-Electric-Cooler) applications, the flexible dilution architecture enables the system to operate the detector at a number of formats. This, together with a smooth frame rate and format transition capability turns SCD's uncooled detector to be well suited for unattended applications. These issues will be described in detail as well.

Proceedings Article | 29 September 2005 Paper

Paper

Advanced features of SCD's uncooled detectors

A. Fraenkel, U. Mizrahi, L. Bykov, A. Adin, E. Malkinson, Y. Zabar, D. Seter, Y. Gebil, Z. Kopolovich

Proceedings Volume 5957, 59570N (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.621041

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Camera shutters, Staring arrays, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Readout integrated circuits, Sensor performance, Cameras, Bolometers, Electronics, Nonuniformity corrections

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2005 Paper

Paper

Uncooled detector development program at SCD

U. Mizrahi, A. Fraenkel, L. Bykov, A. Giladi, A. Adin, E. Ilan, N. Shiloah, E. Malkinson, Y. Zabar, D. Seter, R. Nakash, Z. Kopolovich

Proceedings Volume 5783, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.607445

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Sensors, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Camera shutters, Readout integrated circuits, Cameras, Detector development, Optical calibration, Image resolution, Bolometers

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2003 Paper

Paper

Long midwave infrared detector with time-delayed integration

Moshe Zucker, Igor Pivnic, Eyal Malkinson, Jacob Haski, T. Reiner, D. Admon, M. Keinan, Michael Yassen, I. Sapiro, L Bykov, Nira Sapir, Abraham Fraenkel

Proceedings Volume 4820, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451234

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Staring arrays, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Capacitors, Decision support systems, Diodes, Signal processing, Quantum efficiency, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 1997 Paper

Paper

Transition to second-generation HgCdTe FPA

Y. Juravel, Avi Strum, Amos Fenigstein, Eliezer Weiss, Nili Mainzer, Nira Sapir, I. Lokomski, Eyal Malkinson, Baruch Rosner, A. Marcus, H. Shenzer, Abraham Fraenkel

Proceedings Volume 3061, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.280385

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Modulation transfer functions, Monte Carlo methods, Diodes, Absorption, Photons, Resistance, Point spread functions, Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 7 October 1994 Paper

Paper

Wave packet simulations of escape and capture probabilities in multiquantum-well infrared detectors

Abraham Fraenkel, Yoram Betser, Elieser Finkman, Gad Bahir

Proceedings Volume 2274, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.189242

KEYWORDS: Interfaces, Electrons, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Infrared detectors, Reflection, Solids, Monte Carlo methods, Wave propagation, Anisotropy

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 1994 Paper

Paper

Effect of subgrain boundaries on the producibility of detector arrays fabricated on traveling heater method (THM) materials

Y. Juravel, Avishai Kepten, Abraham Fraenkel, Eliezer Weiss, A. Marcus, N. Amir, Y. Hanin

Proceedings Volume 2228, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.179663

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Photodiodes, Detector arrays, Mercury cadmium telluride, Diodes, Staring arrays, Semiconducting wafers, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 10 December 1992 Paper

Paper

Increased responsivity and detectivity in asymmetric quantum-well infrared detectors

Abraham Fraenkel, A. Brandel, Gad Bahir, Elieser Finkman, Gabriela Livescu, Moses Asom

Proceedings Volume 1735, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.138627

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Electrons, Sensors, Quantum wells, Interfaces, Gallium arsenide, Data modeling, Sensor performance, Electron transport, Infrared sensors

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Showing 5 of 33 publications

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