Dr. Karl R. Stapelfeldt Profile

Dr. Karl R. Stapelfeldt

Chief Scientist,NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program at Jet Propulsion Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (42)

SPIE Journal Paper | 20 September 2024 Open Access

Open Access

Current laboratory performance of starlight suppression systems and potential pathways to desired Habitable Worlds Observatory exoplanet science capabilities

Bertrand Mennesson, Ruslan Belikov, Emiel Por, Eugene Serabyn, Garreth Ruane, A. J. Eldorado Riggs, Dan Sirbu, Laurent Pueyo, Rémi Soummer, Jeremy Kasdin, Stuart Shaklan, Byoung-Joon Seo, Christopher Stark, Eric Cady, Pin Chen, Brendan Crill, Kevin Fogarty, Alexandra Greenbaum, Olivier Guyon, Roser Juanola-Parramon, Brian Kern, John Krist, Bruce Macintosh, David Marx, Dimitri Mawet, Camilo Mejia Prada, Rhonda Morgan, Bijan Nemati, Leonid Pogorelyuk, Susan Redmond, Sara Seager, Nicholas Siegler, Karl Stapelfeldt, Sarah Steiger, John Trauger, James Wallace, Marie Ygouf, Neil Zimmerman

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 03, 035004, (September 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.3.035004

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Planets, Signal to noise ratio, Telescopes, Point spread functions, Stars, Exoplanets, Wavefronts, Spectroscopy, Design

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We summarize the current best polychromatic (∼10% to 20% bandwidth) contrast performance demonstrated in the laboratory by different starlight suppression approaches and systems designed to directly characterize exoplanets around nearby stars. We present results obtained by internal coronagraph and external starshade experimental testbeds using entrance apertures equivalent to off-axis or on-axis telescopes, either monolithic or segmented. For a given angular separation and spectral bandwidth, the performance of each starlight suppression system is characterized by the values of “raw” contrast (before image processing), off-axis (exoplanet) core throughput, and post-calibration contrast (the final 1-sigma detection limit of off-axis point sources, after image processing). Together, the first two parameters set the minimum exposure time required for observations of exoplanets at a given signal-to-noise, i.e., assuming perfect subtraction of background residuals down to the photon noise limit. In practice, residual starlight speckle fluctuations during the exposure will not be perfectly estimated nor subtracted, resulting in a finite post-calibrated contrast and exoplanet detection limit whatever the exposure time. To place the current laboratory results in the perspective of the future Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) mission, we simulate visible observations of a fiducial Earth/Sun twin system at 12 pc, assuming a 6 m (inscribed diameter) collecting aperture and a realistic end-to-end optical throughput. The exposure times required for broadband exo-Earth detection (20% bandwidth around λ=0.55 μm) and visible spectroscopic observations (R=70) are then computed assuming various levels of starlight suppression performance, including the values currently demonstrated in the laboratory. Using spectroscopic exposure time as a simple metric, our results point to key starlight suppression system design performance improvements and trades to be conducted in support of HWO’s exoplanet science capabilities. These trades may be explored via numerical studies, lab experiments, and high-contrast space-based observations and demonstrations.

Proceedings Article | 28 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): a space mission for mid-infrared nulling interferometry

Adrian Glauser, Sascha Quanz, Jonah Hansen, Felix Dannert, Michael Ireland, Hendrik Linz, Olivier Absil, Eleonora Alei, Daniel Angerhausen, Thomas Birbacher, Denis Defrère, Andrea Fortier, Philipp Huber, Jens Kammerer, Romain Laugier, Tim Lichtenberg, Lena Noack, Mohanakrishna Ranganathan, Sarah Rugheimer, Vladimir Airapetian, Yann Alibert, Pedro Amado, Marius Anger, Narsireddy Anugu, Max Aragon, David Armstrong, Amedeo Balbi, Olga Balsalobre-Ruza, Deepayan Banik, Mathias Beck, Surendra Bhattarai, Jonas Biren, Jacopo Bottoni, Marrick Braam, Alexis Brandeker, Lars Buchhave, José Caballero, Juan Cabrera, Ludmila Carone, Óscar Carrión-González, Amadeo Castro-González, Kenny Chan, Ligia Coelho, Tereza Constantinou, Nicolas Cowan, William Danchi, Colin Dandumont, Jeanne Davoult, Arjun Dawn, Jean-Pierre de Vera, Pieter de Visser, Caroline Dorn, Juan Duque Lara, Mark Elowitz, Steve Ertel, Yuedong Fang, Simon Felix, Jonathan Fortney, Malcolm Fridlund, Antonio García Muñoz, Cedric Gillmann, Gregor Golabek, John Lee Grenfell, Greta Guidi, Octavio Guilera, Janis Hagelberg, Janina Hansen, Jacob Haqq-Misra, Nathan Hara, Ravit Helled, Konstantin Herbst, Nina Hernitschek, Sasha Hinkley, Takahiro Ito, Satoshi Itoh, Stavro Ivanovski, Markus Janson, Anders Johansen, Hugh Jones, Stephen Kane, Daniel Kitzmann, Andjelka Kovacevic, Stefan Kraus, Oliver Krause, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Rolf Kuiper, Alen Kuriakose, Lucas Labadie, Sylvestre Lacour, Antonino Lanza, Laurits Leedjärv, Monika Lendl, Michaela Leung, Jorge Lillo-Box, Jérôme Loicq, Rafael Luque, Suvrath Mahadevan, Liton Majumdar, Fabien Malbet, Franco Mallia, Joice Mathew, Taro Matsuo, Elisabeth Matthews, Victoria Meadows, Bertrand Mennesson, Michael Meyer, Karan Molaverdikhani, Paul Mollière, John Monnier, Ramon Navarro, Benard Nsamba, Kenshiro Oguri, Apurva Oza, Enric Palle, Carina Persson, Joe Pitman, Eva Plávalová, Francisco Pozuelos, Andreas Quirrenbach, Ramses Ramirez, Ansgar Reiners, Ignasi Ribas, Malena Rice, Berke Vow Ricketti, Peter Roelfsema, Amedeo Romagnolo, María Paula Ronco, Martin Schlecker, Jessica Schonhut-Stasik, Edward Schwieterman, Antranik Sefilian, Eugene Serabyn, Chinmay Shahi, Siddhant Sharma, Laura Silva, Swapnil Singh, Evan Sneed, Locke Spencer, Vito Squicciarini, Johannes Staguhn, Karl Stapelfeldt, Keivan Stassun, Motohide Tamura, Benjamin Taysum, Floris van der Tak, Tim van Kempen, Gautam Vasisht, Haiyang Wang, Robin Wordsworth, Mark Wyatt

Proceedings Volume 13095, 130951D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019090

KEYWORDS: Nulling interferometry, Space operations, Planets, Beam combiners, Exoplanets, Stars, Sensors, Polarization, Telescopes, Observational astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope coronagraph community participation program

Dmitry Savransky, Vanessa Bailey, Schuyler Wolff, Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer, Jason Wang, Lisa Altinier, Ramya Anche, Pierre Baudoz, Beth Biller, Sarah Blunt, Wolfgang Brandner, Marah Brinjikji, Oscar Carrión-González, Amanda Chavez, Elodie Choquet, David Doelman, Julien Girard, Alexandra Greenbaum, Samantha Hasler, Justin Hom, James Ingalls, Stephen Kane, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Oliver Krause, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Alexis Lau, Zhexing Li, John Livingston, Patrick Lowrance, Kevin Ludwick, Bruce Macintosh, Eric Mamajek, Mark Marley, Johan Mazoyer, Bertrand Mennesson, Toshiyuki Mizuki, Sarah Moran, Naoshi Murakami, Jun Nishikawa, Malachi Noel, Laurent Pueyo, Sergi Hildebrandt Rafels, Jason Rhodes, Tyler Robinson, Robert De Rosa, Matthias Samland, Nicholas Schragal, Jürgen Schreiber, Jennifer Sobeck, Karl Stapelfeldt, Motohide Tamura, Taichi Uyajma, Arthur Vigan, Michele Woodland, Marie Ygouf, Kenta Yoneta, Robert Zellem, Neil Zimmerman

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130921I (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020514

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Stars, Observatories, Space telescopes, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Planets, Observational astronomy, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

The Roman coronagraph community participation program: observation planning

Schuyler Wolff, Jason Wang, Karl Stapelfeldt, Vanessa Bailey, Dmitry Savransky, Justin Hom, Beth Biller, Wolfgang Brandner, Ramye Anche, Sarah Blunt, Marah Brinjikji, Julien Girard, Oliver Krause, Zhexing Li, John Livingston, Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer, Malachi Noel, Laurent Pueyo, Robert De Rosa, Matthias Samland, Nicholas Schragal

Proceedings Volume 13092, 1309255 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020205

KEYWORDS: Stars, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Databases, Imaging spectroscopy, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Coronagraph design survey for future exoplanet direct imaging space missions

Ruslan Belikov, Christopher Stark, Nick Siegler, Emiel Por, Bertrand Mennesson, Susan Redmond, Pin Chen, Kevin Fogarty, Olivier Guyon, Roser Juanola-Parramon, Jeremy Kasdin, John Krist, Dimitri Mawet, Rhonda Morgan, Camilo Mejia Prada, Laurent Pueyo, Garreth Ruane, Dan Sirbu, Karl Stapelfeldt, John Trauger, Neil Zimmerman, Mary Angelie Alagao, Alex Carlotti, Jamal Chafi, David Doleman, Jessica Gersh-Range, Lorenzo König, Lucille Leboulleux, Dwight Moody, A. Riggs, Eugene Serabyn, Frans Snik, Kent Wallace

Proceedings Volume 13092, 1309266 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020614

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Design, Cadmium sulfide, Stars, Telescopes, Exoplanets, Equipment, Yield improvement, Planets, Photonic integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The PICTURE-C exoplanetary imaging balloon mission: second flight results and the transition to a new mission, PICTURE-D

Christopher Mendillo, Kuravi Hewawasam, Jason Martel, Thaddeus Potter, Sunip Mukherjee, Timothy Cook, Supriya Chakrabarti, Frans Snik, David Doelman, Dan Sirbu, Ruslan Belikov, Eduardo Bendek, Karl Stapelfeldt, Schuyler Grace Wolff

Proceedings Volume 12680, 126800F (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677518

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Wavefronts, Polarization, Cameras, Balloons, Telescopes, Control systems, Stars, Imaging systems, Scattered light

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Coronagraph design survey for future exoplanet direct imaging space missions: interim update

Ruslan Belikov, Christopher Stark, Nick Siegler, Emiel Por, Bertrand Mennesson, Pin Chen, Kevin Fogarty, Olivier Guyon, Roser Juanola-Parramon, John Krist, Dimitri Mawet, Camilo Mejia Prada, Jeremy Kasdin, Laurent Pueyo, Susan Redmond, Garreth Ruane, Dan Sirbu, Karl Stapelfeldt, John Trauger, Neil Zimmerman

Proceedings Volume 12680, 126802G (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677732

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Design and modelling, Telescopes, Equipment, Exoplanets, Observatories, Wavefronts, Yield improvement, Planets

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

An exploration of expected number of exoplanets for a 6m class direct imaging observatory

Rhonda Morgan, Dmitry Savransky, Michael Turmon, Grace Genszler, Eric Mamajek, Tyler Robinson, Karl Stapelfeldt

Proceedings Volume 12180, 1218020 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630609

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Coronagraphy, Monte Carlo methods, Stars, Planets, Oxygen, Signal to noise ratio, Observatories, Spectral resolution, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanetary systems with the JWST early release science program

Sasha Hinkley, Aarynn Carter, Shrishmoy Ray, Beth Biller, Andrew Skemer, Elodie Choquet, Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer, Stephanie Sallum, Brittany Miles, Niall Whiteford, Polychronis Patapis, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Karl Stapelfeldt, Jason Wang, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Julien Girard, Dean Hines, Jens Kammerer, Jarron Leisenring, Yifan Zhou, Michael Meyer, Michael Liu, Mickael Bonnefoy, Simon Petrus, Mariangela Bonavita, Gael Chauvin, Christine Chen, Thayne Currie, Kielan K. Hoch, Cecilia Lazzoni, Elisabeth Matthews, Michael McElwain, Isabel Rebollido, Emily Rickman, Glenn Schneider, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Jordan Stone

Proceedings Volume 12180, 121800S (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629919

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Coronagraphy, Planets, Exoplanets, Imaging systems, Astronomy, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Stars, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 16 September 2019 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Standard exoplanet yield evaluation for the LUVOIR and HabEx concept studies

Rhonda Morgan, Dmitry Savransky, Michael Turmon, Bertrand Mennesson, Eric Mamajek, Stuart Shaklan, Gabriel Soto, Karl Stapelfeldt, Walker Dula, Dean Keithly

Proceedings Volume 11117, 1111701 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2530668

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Monte Carlo methods, Planets, Coronagraphy, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx)

B. Scott Gaudi, Bertrand Mennesson, Sara Seager, Kerri Cahoy, John Clarke, Shawn Domagal-Goldman, Lee Feinberg, Olivier Guyon, Jeremy Kasdin, Christian Marois, Dimitri Mawet, Motohide Tamura, David Mouillet, Timo Prusti, Andreas Quirrenbach, Tyler Robinson, Leslie Rogers, Paul Scowen, Rachel Somerville, Karl Stapelfeldt, Christopher Stark, Daniel Stern, Martin Still, Margaret Turnbull, Jeffrey Booth, Alina Kiessling, Gary Kuan, Keith Warfield

Proceedings Volume 10698, 106980P (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312278

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Planets, Ultraviolet radiation, Stars, Coronagraphy, Observatories, Imaging spectroscopy, Telescopes, Planetary systems, Astrophysics

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The HOSTS survey for exo-zodiacal dust: preliminary results and future prospects

S. Ertel, G. Kennedy, D. Defrère, P. Hinz, A. Shannon, B. Mennesson, W. C. Danchi, C. Gelino, J. M. Hill, W. Hoffman, G. Rieke, E. Spalding, J. Stone, A. Vaz, A. Weinberger, P. Willems, O. Absil, P. Arbo, V. Bailey, C. Beichman, G. Bryden, E. Downey, O. Durney, S. Esposito, A. Gaspar, P. Grenz, C. Haniff, J. Leisenring, L. Marion, T. McMahon, R. Millan-Gabet, M. Montoya, K. Morzinski, E. Pinna, J. Power, A. Puglisi, A. Roberge, E. Serabyn, A. Skemer, K. Stapelfeldt, K. Y. L. Su, V. Vaitheeswaran, M. Wyatt

Proceedings Volume 10698, 106981V (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313685

KEYWORDS: Stars, Planets, Calibration, Statistical analysis, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Nulling interferometry, Astronomy, Telescopes, Interferometry

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The presence of large amounts of dust in the habitable zones of nearby stars is a significant obstacle for future exo-Earth imaging missions. We executed the HOSTS (Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems) survey to determine the typical amount of such exozodiacal dust around a sample of nearby main sequence stars. The majority of the data have been analyzed and we present here an update of our ongoing work. Nulling interferometry in N band was used to suppress the bright stellar light and to detect faint, extended circumstellar dust emission. We present an overview of the latest results from our ongoing work. We find seven new N band excesses in addition to the high confidence confirmation of three that were previously known. We find the first detections around Sun-like stars and around stars without previously known circumstellar dust. Our overall detection rate is 23%. The inferred occurrence rate is comparable for early type and Sun-like stars, but decreases from 71^{+11 -20}% for stars with previously detected mid- to far-infrared excess to 11^{+9 -4}% for stars without such excess, confirming earlier results at high confidence. For completed observations on individual stars, our sensitivity is five to ten times better than previous results. Assuming a lognormal luminosity function of the dust, we find upper limits on the median dust level around all stars without previously known mid to far infrared excess of 11.5 zodis at 95% confidence level. The corresponding upper limit for Sun-like stars is 16 zodis. An LBTI vetted target list of Sun-like stars for exo-Earth imaging would have a corresponding limit of 7.5 zodis. We provide important new insights into the occurrence rate and typical levels of habitable zone dust around main sequence stars. Exploiting the full range of capabilities of the LBTI provides a critical opportunity for the detailed characterization of a sample of exozodiacal dust disks to understand the origin, distribution, and properties of the dust.

Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Technology maturity for the habitable-zone exoplanet imaging observatory (HabEx) concept

Rhonda Morgan, Keith Warfield, Gary Kuan, H. Phil Stahl, Bertrand Mennesson, Bala Balasubramanian, Dimitri Mawet, Shouleh Nikzad, Joel Nissen, Stuart Shaklan, Eugene Serabyn, Karl Stapelfeldt, Steven Warwick

Proceedings Volume 10698, 106980S (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313845

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Coronagraphy, Coating, Sensors, Reflectivity, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Ultraviolet radiation, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Microchannel plates

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Proceedings Article | 24 August 2016 Paper

Paper

The Habitable Exoplanet (HabEx) Imaging Mission: preliminary science drivers and technical requirements

Bertrand Mennesson, Scott Gaudi, Sara Seager, Kerri Cahoy, Shawn Domagal-Goldman, Lee Feinberg, Olivier Guyon, Jeremy Kasdin, Christian Marois, Dimitri Mawet, Motohide Tamura, David Mouillet, Timo Prusti, Andreas Quirrenbach, Tyler Robinson, Leslie Rogers, Paul Scowen, Rachel Somerville, Karl Stapelfeldt, Daniel Stern, Martin Still, Margaret Turnbull, Jeffrey Booth, Alina Kiessling, Gary Kuan, Keith Warfield

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99040L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2240457

KEYWORDS: Stars, Planets, Galactic astronomy, Imaging spectroscopy, Exoplanets, Telescopes, Coronagraphy, Astrophysics, Ultraviolet radiation, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2016 Paper

Paper

The iLocater cryostat: design and thermal control strategy for precision radial velocity measurements

Jonathan Crass, Louis Fantano, Frederick Hearty, Justin Crepp, Matthew Nelson, Sheila Wall, David Cavalieri, Corina Koca, David King, Robert Reynolds, Karl Stapelfeldt

Proceedings Volume 9908, 990873 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233617

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Single mode fibers, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Thermography, Space telescopes, Control systems, Cryocoolers, Optical fibers, Copper

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Proceedings Article | 8 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Enabling the direct detection of earth-sized exoplanets with the LBTI HOSTS project: a progress report

W. Danchi, V. Bailey, G. Bryden, D. Defrère, S. Ertel, C. Haniff, P. Hinz, G. Kennedy, B. Mennesson, R. Millan-Gabet, G. Rieke, A. Roberge, E. Serabyn, A. Skemer, K. Stapelfeldt, A. Weinberger, M. Wyatt, A. Vaz

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990713 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233397

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Stars, Telescopes, Interferometers, Mid-IR, Nulling interferometry, Planets, Solar system, Space telescopes, Coronagraphy

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NASA has funded a project called the Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems (HOSTS) to survey nearby solar type stars to determine the amount of warm zodiacal dust in their habitable zones. The goal is not only to determine the luminosity distribution function but also to know which individual stars have the least amount of zodiacal dust. It is important to have this information for future missions that directly image exoplanets as this dust is the main source of astrophysical noise for them. The HOSTS project utilizes the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI), which consists of two 8.4-m apertures separated by a 14.4-m baseline on Mt. Graham, Arizona. The LBTI operates in a nulling mode in the mid-infrared spectral window (8-13 μm), in which light from the two telescopes is coherently combined with a 180 degree phase shift between them, producing a dark fringe at the location of the target star. In doing so the starlight is greatly reduced, increasing the contrast, analogous to a coronagraph operating at shorter wavelengths. The LBTI is a unique instrument, having only three warm reflections before the starlight reaches cold mirrors, giving it the best photometric sensitivity of any interferometer operating in the mid-infrared. It also has a superb Adaptive Optics (AO) system giving it Strehl ratios greater than 98% at 10 μm. In 2014 into early 2015 LBTI was undergoing commissioning. The HOSTS project team passed its Operational Readiness Review (ORR) in April 2015. The team recently published papers on the target sample, modeling of the nulled disk images, and initial results such as the detection of warm dust around η Corvi. Recently a paper was published on the data pipeline and on-sky performance. An additional paper is in preparation on β Leo. We will discuss the scientific and programmatic context for the LBTI project, and we will report recent progress, new results, and plans for the science verification phase that started in February 2016, and for the survey.

Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Making high-accuracy null depth measurements for the LBTI exozodi survey

Bertrand Mennesson, Denis Defrère, Matthias Nowak, Philip Hinz, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Olivier Absil, Vanessa Bailey, Geoffrey Bryden, William Danchi, Grant Kennedy, Lindsay Marion, Aki Roberge, Eugene Serabyn, Andy Skemer, Karl Stapelfeldt, Alycia Weinberger, Mark Wyatt

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99070X (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231839

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Mid-IR, Stars, Calibration, Visibility, Telescopes, Sensors, Astronomy, Signal detection, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

iLocater: a diffraction-limited Doppler spectrometer for the Large Binocular Telescope

Justin Crepp, Jonathan Crass, David King, Andrew Bechter, Eric Bechter, Ryan Ketterer, Robert Reynolds, Philip Hinz, Derek Kopon, David Cavalieri, Louis Fantano, Corina Koca, Eleanya Onuma, Karl Stapelfeldt, Joseph Thomes, Sheila Wall, Steven Macenka, James McGuire, Ronald Korniski, Leonard Zugby, Joshua Eisner, B Gaudi, Fred Hearty, Kaitlin Kratter, Marc Kuchner, Giusi Micela, Matthew Nelson, Isabella Pagano, Andreas Quirrenbach, Christian Schwab, Michael Skrutskie, Alessandro Sozzetti, Charles Woodward, Bo Zhao

Proceedings Volume 9908, 990819 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233135

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Doppler effect, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Spectrographs, Adaptive optics, Space telescopes, Spectral resolution, Cameras, Single mode fibers, Planets

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

PISCES: an integral field spectrograph technology demonstration for the WFIRST coronagraph

Michael McElwain, Avi Mandell, Qian Gong, Jorge Llop-Sayson, Timothy Brandt, Victor Chambers, Bryan Grammer, Bradford Greeley, George Hilton, Marshall Perrin, Karl Stapelfeldt, Richard Demers, Hong Tang, Eric Cady

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99041A (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231671

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Iterated function systems, Imaging spectroscopy, Sensors, Coronagraphy, Point spread functions, Relays, Mirrors, Prisms, Collimators

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

The maturing of high contrast imaging and starlight suppression techniques for future NASA exoplanet characterization missions

Daniel Coulter, David Gallagher, Nicholas Siegler, Stuart Shaklan, Karl Stapelfeldt, Wesley Traub

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99041S (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231137

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Stars, Spectroscopy, Planets, Coronagraphy, Telescopes, Diffraction, Wavefronts, Imaging spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

A direct comparison of exoEarth yields for starshades and coronagraphs

Christopher Stark, Eric Cady, Mark Clampin, Shawn Domagal-Goldman, Doug Lisman, Avi Mandell, Michael McElwain, Aki Roberge, Tyler Robinson, Dmitry Savransky, Stuart Shaklan, Karl Stapelfeldt

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99041U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233201

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Absorption, Planets, Space telescopes, Coronagraphy, Stars, Telescopes, Rockets, Photometry, Clouds

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR)

S. Rinehart, M. Rizzo, D. Leisawitz, J. Staguhn, M. DiPirro, J. Mentzell, R. Juanola-Parramon, A. Dhabal, L. Mundy, S. Moseley, J. Mather, D. Padgett, K. Stapelfeldt, A. Roberge, M. Cordiner, S. Milam, T. Veach, D. Fixsen

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99042L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231790

KEYWORDS: Space reconnaissance, Spatial resolution, Infrared radiation, Interferometry, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Mirrors, Space operations, Interferometers, Cryocoolers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 July 2016 Open Access

Open Access

Path to a UV/optical/IR flagship: review of ATLAST and its predecessors

Harley Thronson, Matthew Bolcar, Mark Clampin, Julie Crooke, Lee Feinberg, William Oegerle, Norman Rioux, H. Philip Stahl, Karl Stapelfeldt

JATIS, Vol. 2, Issue 04, 041210, (July 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.2.4.041210

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Telescopes, Observatories, Exoplanets, Ultraviolet radiation, Optical instrument design, UV optics, Planets, Mirrors, Space observatories

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Proceedings Article | 16 September 2015 Paper

Paper

Exo-C: a probe-scale space observatory for direct imaging and spectroscopy of extrasolar planetary systems

Karl Stapelfeldt, Frank Dekens, Michael Brenner, Keith Warfield, Ruslan Belikov, Paul Brugarolas, Geoffrey Bryden, Kerri Cahoy, Supriya Chakrabarti, Serge Dubovitsky, Robert Effinger, Brian Hirsch, Andrew Kissil, John Krist, Jared Lang, Mark Marley, Michael McElwain, Victoria Meadows, Joel Nissen, Jeffrey Oseas, Chris Pong, Eugene Serabyn, Eric Sunada, John Trauger, Stephen Unwin

Proceedings Volume 9605, 96050T (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2191720

KEYWORDS: Planets, Coronagraphy, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Stars, Exoplanets, Wavefronts, Space operations, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 16 September 2015 Paper

Paper

PIAA coronagraph design for the Exo-C Mission concept

Ruslan Belikov, John Krist, Karl Stapelfeldt

Proceedings Volume 9605, 96050V (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188934

KEYWORDS: Apodization, Coronagraphy, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefronts, Space telescopes, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Polarization, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 2015 Paper

Paper

Prototype imaging spectrograph for coronagraphic exoplanet studies (PISCES) for WFIRST/AFTA

Qian Gong, Michael McElwain, Bradford Greeley, Bryan Grammer, Catherine Marx, Nargess Memarsadeghi, Karl Stapelfeldt, George Hilton, Jorge Llop Sayson, Marshall Perrin, Richard Demers, Hong Tang, Brian Kern, Janan Ferdosi

Proceedings Volume 9605, 96050G (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187122

KEYWORDS: Iterated function systems, Coronagraphy, Prisms, Reflectivity, Optical alignment, Sensors, Spectrographs, Spectroscopy, Relays, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2014 Paper

Paper

An analysis of technology gaps and priorities in support of probe-scale coronagraph and starshade missions

P. Lawson, S. Seager, K. Stapelfeldt, M. Brenner, D. Lisman, N. Siegler, S. Unwin, K. Warfield

Proceedings Volume 9143, 91432Q (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054939

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Telescopes, Manufacturing, Tolerancing, Mirrors, Sensors, Optics manufacturing, Wavefronts, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2014 Paper

Paper

Exo-C: a probe-scale space mission to directly image and spectroscopically characterize exoplanetary systems using an internal coronagraph

Karl Stapelfeldt, Michael Brenner, Keith Warfield, Frank Dekens, Ruslan Belikov, Paul Brugarolas, Geoffrey Bryden, Kerri Cahoy, Supriya Chakrabarti, Serge Dubovitsky, Robert Effinger, Brian Hirsch, Andrew Kissil, John Krist, Jared Lang, Mark Marley, Michael McElwain, Victoria Meadows, Joel Nissen, Jeffrey Oseas, Eugene Serabyn, Eric Sunada, John Trauger, Stephen Unwin

Proceedings Volume 9143, 91432K (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057115

KEYWORDS: Planets, Coronagraphy, Stars, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Space operations, Exoplanets, Wavefronts, Mirrors, Iterated function systems

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

The LBTI hunt for observable signatures of terrestrial systems (HOSTS) survey: a key NASA science program on the road to exoplanet imaging missions

W. Danchi, V. Bailey, G. Bryden, D. Defrère, C. Haniff, P. Hinz, G. Kennedy, B. Mennesson, R. Millan-Gabet, G. Rieke, A. Roberge, E. Serabyn, A. Skemer, K. Stapelfeldt, A. Weinberger, M. Wyatt

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914607 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056681

KEYWORDS: Stars, Space telescopes, Planets, Solar system, Telescopes, Interferometers, Nulling interferometry, Imaging systems, Exoplanets, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

Paper

The Debris Disk Explorer: a balloon-borne coronagraph for observing debris disks

Lewis Roberts, Geoffrey Bryden, Wesley Traub, Stephen Unwin, John Trauger, John Krist, Jack Aldrich, Paul Brugarolas, Karl Stapelfeldt, Mark Wyatt, David Stuchlik, James Lanzi

Proceedings Volume 8864, 88640A (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2025282

KEYWORDS: Stars, Coronagraphy, Telescopes, Planets, Mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Planetary systems, Solar system, Space telescopes, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

Paper

PISCES: an integral field spectrograph to advance high contrast imaging technologies

Michael McElwain, Marshall Perrin, Qian Gong, Ashlee Wilkins, Karl Stapelfeldt, Bruce Woodgate, Timothy Brandt, Sara Heap, George Hilton, Jeffrey Kruk, Dwight Moody, John Trauger

Proceedings Volume 8864, 88641O (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024385

KEYWORDS: Iterated function systems, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Imaging spectroscopy, Wavefronts, Spectrographs, Sensors, Electroluminescent displays, Point spread functions

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Coronagraphic imaging of debris disks from a high altitude balloon platform

Stephen Unwin, Wesley Traub, Geoffrey Bryden, Paul Brugarolas, Pin Chen, Olivier Guyon, Lynn Hillenbrand, John Krist, Bruce Macintosh, Dimitri Mawet, Bertrand Mennesson, Dwight Moody, Lewis Roberts, Karl Stapelfeldt, David Stuchlik, John Trauger, Gautam Vasisht

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84420G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.924175

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Telescopes, Stars, Planets, Space telescopes, Wavefronts, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Planetary systems, Solar system

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 January 2012

Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope: science drivers and technology developments

Marc Postman, Thomas Brown, Kenneth Sembach, Jason Tumlinson, C. Matt Mountain, Rémi Soummer, Mauro Giavalisco, Daniela Calzetti, Wesley Traub, Karl Stapelfeldt, William Oegerle, Tristram Hyde, Robert Rich, H. Philip Stahl

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 1, 011007, (January 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.1.011007

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Galactic astronomy, Stars, Telescopes, Mirrors, Exoplanets, Ultraviolet radiation, Aerospace engineering, Phase modulation, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 2011 Paper

Paper

Zodiac II: debris disk science from a balloon

Geoffrey Bryden, Wesley Traub, Lewis Roberts, Robin Bruno, Stephen Unwin, Stan Backovsky, Paul Brugarolas, Supriya Chakrabarti, Pin Chen, Lynne Hillenbrand, John Krist, Charles Lillie, Bruce Macintosh, Dimitri Mawet, Bertrand Mennesson, Dwight Moody, Zahidul Rahman, Justin Rey, Karl Stapelfeldt, David Stuchlik, John Trauger, Gautam Vaischt

Proceedings Volume 8151, 81511E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.899688

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Mirrors, Wavefronts, Signal to noise ratio, Deformable mirrors, Speckle

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2010 Paper

Paper

ACCESS: a concept study for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanetary systems

John Trauger, Karl Stapelfeldt, Wesley Traub, John Krist, Dwight Moody, Dimitri Mawet, Eugene Serabyn, Curtis Henry, Paul Brugarolas, James Alexander, Robert Gappinger, Olivia Dawson, Virgil Mireles, Peggy Park, Laurent Pueyo, Stuart Shaklan, Olivier Guyon, Jeremy Kasdin, Robert Vanderbei, David Spergel, Ruslan Belikov, Geoffrey Marcy, Robert Brown, Jean Schneider, Bruce Woodgate, Robert Egerman, Gary Matthews, Jason Elias, Yves Conturie, Phillip Vallone, Perry Voyer, Ronald Polidan, Charles Lillie, Constance Spittler, David Lee, Reem Hejal, Allen Bronowicki, Nick Saldivar, Mark Ealey, Thomas Price

Proceedings Volume 7731, 773128 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858301

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Stars, Planets, Mirrors, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Exoplanets, Imaging systems, Observatories, Imaging spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Science drivers and requirements for an Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST): implications for technology development and synergies with other future facilities

Marc Postman, Tom Brown, Kenneth Sembach, Mauro Giavalisco, Wesley Traub, Karl Stapelfeldt, Daniela Calzetti, William Oegerle, R. Michael Rich, H. Philip Stahl, Jason Tumlinson, Matt Mountain, Rémi Soummer, Tupper Hyde

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77312K (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857044

KEYWORDS: Galactic astronomy, Space telescopes, Stars, Telescopes, Exoplanets, Ultraviolet radiation, Coronagraphy, Planets, Mirrors, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2008 Paper

Paper

ACCESS: a NASA mission concept study of an Actively Corrected Coronagraph for Exoplanet System Studies

John Trauger, Karl Stapelfeldt, Wesley Traub, Curt Henry, John Krist, Dimitri Mawet, Dwight Moody, Peggy Park, Laurent Pueyo, Eugene Serabyn, Stuart Shaklan, Olivier Guyon, Jeremy Kasdin, David Spergel, Robert Vanderbei, Ruslan Belikov, Geoffrey Marcy, Robert Brown, Jean Schneider, Bruce Woodgate, Gary Matthews, Robert Egerman, Ronald Polidan, Charles Lillie, Mark Ealey, Thomas Price

Proceedings Volume 7010, 701029 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789119

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Stars, Planets, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Wavefronts, Control systems, Space operations, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2007 Paper

Paper

Hunting planets and observing disks with the JWST NIRCam coronagraph

John Krist, Charles Beichman, John Trauger, Marcia Rieke, Steve Somerstein, Joseph Green, Scott Horner, John Stansberry, Fang Shi, Michael Meyer, Karl Stapelfeldt, Thomas Roellig

Proceedings Volume 6693, 66930H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734873

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Stars, Planets, James Webb Space Telescope, Point spread functions, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Sensors, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2006 Paper

Paper

TPF-C: status and recent progress

Wesley Traub, Marie Levine, Stuart Shaklan, James Kasting, J. Roger Angel, Michael Brown, Robert Brown, Christopher Burrows, Mark Clampin, Alan Dressler, Henry Ferguson, Heidi Hammel, Sara Heap, Scott Horner, Garth Illingworth, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Mark Kuchner, Douglas Lin, Mark Marley, Victoria Meadows, Charley Noecker, Ben Oppenheimer, Sara Seager, Michael Shao, Karl Stapelfeldt, John Trauger

Proceedings Volume 6268, 62680T (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673608

KEYWORDS: Planets, Stars, Coronagraphy, Mirrors, Telescopes, Wavefronts, Performance modeling, Space telescopes, Control systems, Actuators

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2004 Paper

Paper

The state of the focus and image quality of the Spitzer Space Telescope as measured in orbit

Robert Gehrz, Edward Romana, William Hoffmann, John Schwenker, John Mentzell, Joseph Hora, Peter Eisenhardt, Bernhard Brandl, Lee Armus, Karl Stapelfeldt, Dean Hines, Amanda Mainzer, Erick Young, David Elliott

Proceedings Volume 5487, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551930

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Point spread functions, Diffraction, Cryogenics, Image quality, Infrared telescopes, Infrared imaging, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2004 Paper

Paper

On-orbit performance of the MIPS instrument

George Rieke, Erick Young, James Cadien, Charles Engelbracht, Karl Gordon, Douglas Kelly, Frank Low, Karl Misselt, Jane Morrison, James Muzerolle, G. Rivlis, John Stansberry, Jeffrey Beeman, Eugene Haller, David Frayer, William Latter, Alberto Noriega-Crespo, Deborah Padgett, Dean Hines, J. Douglas Bean, William Burmester, Gerald Heim, Thomas Glenn, R. Ordonez, John Schwenker, S. Siewert, Donald Strecker, S. Tennant, John Troeltzsch, Bryce Unruh, R. Warden, Peter Ade, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Myra Blaylock, Herve Dole, Eiichi Egami, Joannah Hinz, Emeric LeFloch, Casey Papovich, Pablo Perez-Gonzalez, Marcia Rieke, Paul Smith, Kate Su, Lee Bennett, David Henderson, Nanyao Lu, Frank Masci, Misha Pesenson, Luisa Rebull, Jeonghee Rho, Jocelyn Keene, Susan Stolovy, Stefanie Wachter, William Wheaton, Paul Richards, Harry Garner, M. Hegge, Monte Henderson, Kim MacFeely, David Michika, Chris Miller, Mark Neitenbach, Jeremiah Winghart, R. Woodruff, E. Arens, Charles Beichman, Stephen Gaalema, Thomas Gautier, Charles Lada, Jeremy Mould, Gerry Neugebauer, Karl Stapelfeldt

Proceedings Volume 5487, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551965

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mirrors, Electronics, Photometry, Detector arrays, Space telescopes, Far infrared, Calibration, Aluminum, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2003 Paper

Paper

The Eclipse mission: a direct imaging survey of nearby planetary systems

John Trauger, Tony Hull, Karl Stapelfeldt, Dana Backman, Roger Bagwell, Robert Brown, Adam Burrows, Christopher Burrows, Mark Ealey, Christ Ftaclas, Sara Heap, Jeremy Kasdin, Jonathan Lunine, Geoff Marcy, David Redding, Wesley Traub, Bruce Woodgate, Raghvendra Sahai, David Spergel

Proceedings Volume 4854, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460023

KEYWORDS: Planets, Stars, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Wavefronts, Mirrors, Planetary systems, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Clouds

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Showing 5 of 42 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets II

2 August 2005 | San Diego, California, United States

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